PRESENTATION ON
BIO-ENERGY
Vrij Mohan Vidyarthi
Asst. Prof.
EEE department
BIO ENERGY
• Bioenergy is energy derived from biomass
and biogas source. It is a renewable energy
source.
BIOMASS
• Biomass is organic matter from plants, micro-
-organism grown on land and water and their derivatives.
The energy obtain from biomass is also called the
biomass energy.
It is a renewable energy source. Because organic
matter generated everyday. Coal, petroleum, natural gas
are not come in biomass category because they produce
from dead, burried biomass under high pressure and
temperature during several millions of year.
Type of biomass
• Biomass are classified in three group…..
1. Biomass from cultivated like fields,
crops, forests etc.
2. Biomass derived from wastes like
municipal waste, animal dung etc.
3. Biomass converted into liquid fuels.
• In first group the biomass is
directly converted into energy by burning the
biomass.
Second group the biomass is
fermented anaerobically to obtain gaseous
fuel like bio-gas.
Anaerobically
• Naturally occurring bacteria breakdown organic
material (such as agricultural energy crops like Giant
King Grass) in the absence of oxygen resulting in the
creation of methane and carbon dioxide, which make
up the composition of biogas. This process is called
anaerobic digestion and occurs in large enclosed
tanks. The biogas is collected from the anaerobic
digestion tanks and processed through a generator to
produce renewable electricity.
In third group biomass is converted
into ethanol and methanol to use
in a liquid fuels in engine.
Biomass conversion processes
1. Direct combustion
2. Thermochemical conversion
3. Biochemical conversion
direct combustion:-
Combustion is the oldest and
most frequently applied process to extract the energy
content from solid biomass. During combustion, most
of the energy is released in form of heat. Different
thermodynamic processes can be used to transform
part of this heat into electric power.
How to produce electricity by
direct combustion.
Thermochemical conversion
• Thermochemical conversion the process
convert the biomass and its residues to fuel,
chemicals and power using gasification
heating of biomass with about one third of
oxygen is necessary for complete combustion
produce mixture of co2 and hydrogen known
as syngas. Pyrolysis heating biomass in
absence or produce a liquid pyrolysis oil. They
both are use as fuel.
Biochemical conversion
• Biochemical conversion by micro-organic biomass
to biofuel are slow process taking place low
temperature. The principle conversion process is
fermentation. Fermentation is a process of
decomposition of organic matter by micro-
organism.
• Example fermentation, decomposition of sugar to
form ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast and
ethanol forming acetic acid in making vinegar.
Biochemical conversion
Application of biomass
• generating electricity.
• the producer gas from the biomass gasifier is
first cleaned and cooled and then used as a
fuel in an IC engine.
• Biomass gasifier plants in an industry or an
institute are usually used as captive power
generation unit. In India, a large number of
systems have been put-up in rice mills, with
rice-husk as the feed material for gasifiers.
Advantage of biomass
• Biomass Energy (or Bioenergy) is a renewable energy.
• Biomass is always available it can be found anywhere
and includes organic matter such as plants, animals or
waste products from organic sources.
• Less pollution is generated.
• Reduce Fossil Fuel dependency: With the majority
of homes and businesses using oil to provide energy,
oil will gradually run out if people do not switch to a
renewable energy source such as biomass. Once oil is
gone, it is gone forever. The use of biomass will
therefore reduce the dependency on fossil fuels.
Clean energy: As biomass is relatively
clean, it can be used in such
commercial
businesses as
meaning
airlines, it is good for
the
environment and good for businesses.
Disadvantage of biomass
• The initial costs of a biomass is high.
• Harmful to the environment: Although there is a large
reduction of carbon dioxide emissions compared to
other systems, there is an increase in methane gases,
which can also be harmful to the Earth’s ozone layer.
• Consumes more fuel: In order to acquire enough
lumber to power a plant, for example, companies
would have to clear large forest area. This makes the
use of trees and tree products to power machines
inefficient and can create environmental problems.
• Large area require.
Thank you for your attention!
