BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
[Link], [Link], Bangalore-560004
Department of Electronics And Telecommunication and Engineering
V SEMESTER – Environmental Studies
BIO ENERGY
ASSIGNMENT
PRESENTED BY:
GUIDED BY:
ESHA T
PROF. RANJANA K
SAMEEKSHA KISHOR SHEKA
NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
Sources are also known as renewable
sources of energy.
examples of non-conventional sources
of energy include solar energy,
bioenergy, tidal energy and wind
energy.
Importance of non-conventional sources of
energy
The non-conventional sources of energy are abundant in nature. According
to energy experts the non-conventional energy potential of India is
estimated at about 95,000 MW.
These are renewable resources. The non-conventional sources of energy
can be renewed with minimum effort and money.
Non-conventional sources of energy are pollution-free and eco-friendly.
BIO-ENERGY
• Bioenergy is renewable energy made
available from materials derived from
biological sources.
• Biomass is any organic material, may
include wood, wood waste, straw, manure,
sugar cane and many other byproducts
from a variety of agricultural processes.
BIOMASS ENERGY
• Biomass continues to account for an estimated 1/3rd of primary energy use,
while in the poorest continues up to 90% of all energy is supplied by
biomass.
• Biomass energy, or bio energy is the conversion of biomass (organic
material originating from plants, trees, and crops and essentially the
collection and storage of the sun’s energy through photosynthesis) into
useful forms of energy such as heat, electricity, and liquid fuels
As the technology becomes more advanced, we can use different methods even more
energy efficient conversion processes, such as gasification and anaerobic
decomposition of biomass to generate energy.
Oil prices have not risen as they have done in the past and little attention has been
paid to biomass, mainly because too little heat is generated by the combustion of
biomass and has a low energy density.
Biomass combustion generated heat value is low, but because of low fuel prices, it is
quite suitable for home, commercial and industrial heating purposes. These do not
require high temperatures, so expensive fuel is not required.
Looking at the possible future potential of various renewable energy sources,
biomass energy fulfils the basic requirement of future energy needs, eg. Remote
areas.
Biomass is the most widely renewable energy used, and counts for about two-thirds
of all the world’s renewable energy applications.
USES OF BIOMASS
• 80% of biomass energy is produced for residential use.
• 79% of the biomass we use today comes from burning wood and chips.
• Biomass is used to heat homes, Wood is burned in open fires or wood
pellet boilers and stoves.
• 18% of biomass is produced for industrial use.
• 2% of biomass energy is produced for transport.
CONVERTING BIOMASS ENERGY INTO
A USEABLE ENERGY SOURCE
Direct incineration
Bacterial Decay. (methane gas produced by the bacterial decay of dead
plants or animals.
Fermentation, Adding a yeast to biomass produces an alcohol called
ethanol.
Conversion, Biomass can be converted into gas or liquid fuels by using
chemicals or heat.
BIOMASS CAN BE RECYCLED
Straw after harvest Sunflower Sugar cane harvest City waste
THE FUTURE OF BIOMASS
• Infinite fossil fuel resources are depleting.
• Our dependency on oil must be reduced.
• Renewable forms of energy generation will
be required to serve the global energy
requirements.
PRESENT STATE OF BIOMASS ENERGY
IN INDIA
3,500 MW of power generation through biogases based co-generation in
sugar mills.
537 MW has so far been commissioned
536 MW is under installation
TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS
• Matter %
• Methane,CH4 50-75
• Carbon dioxide, CO2 25-50
• Nitrogen, N2 0-10
• Hydrogen, H2 0-1
• Hydrogen sulfide, H2S 0-3
MAIN ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS
ENERGY
Indigenous source
Economic development opportunities in rural areas
The pollutant emissions from combustion of biomass are usually lower
than those from fossil fuels
Commercial use of biomass
Improve fertility of soil
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES
Renewable resource
Reduces landfills
Protects clean water supplies
Reduces acid rain and smog
Reduces greenhouse gases
• Carbon monoxide
• Methane
DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS
ENERGY
It is dispersed and land intensive as a source.
It is often of low energy density.
It is labour intensive and the cost of collecting large quantities for
commercial application is significant.
An expensive source to produce and convert.
CALORIFIC VALUE
• 60% Methane: 22.350 to 24.22 MJ/m3.
• Without CO2: 33.525 to 35.390 MJ/m3.
• Octane rating without CO2: 130
• Octane rating with CO2: 110
• Ignition temperature: 6500C
• Air to methane ratio for complete combustion (by volume): 10 to 1
• Explosive limits to air (by volume): 5 to 15
APPLICATIONS
Anaerobic digestion is used for effluent and sewage treatment.
Anaerobic digestion is a simple process that can greatly reduce the amount of
organic matter which might otherwise be desired to be landfilled or burnt in an
incinerator.
Almost any organic material can be processed with anaerobic digestion. This
includes biodegradable waste materials such as waste paper, grass clippings,
leftover food, sewage and animal waste
Anaerobic digesters can also be fed with specially grown energy crops such as
silage for dedicated biogas production
THANK YOU
