General Concepts in Science, Technology,

and Society
INTRODUCTION
 SCIENCE came from the Latin word "scientia" means knowledge.
Science is a body of systemized knowledge about the natural world
based on facts learned through experiments and observation.
 TECHNOLOGY is a science or knowledge put into practical use to
solve problems or invent useful tools.
 SOCIETY is the sum total of our interactions as humans, including
the interactions that we engage in to figure things out and make
things. It is also a group of individuals involved in persistent social
interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or
territory, typically subject to the same political authority and
dominant cultural expectations.
INTRODUCTION

WHAT DOES SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (STS) MEANS?

 It is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific
research and technological innovation and how these, in turn
affect society, politics and culture.
 STS is a relatively recent discipline, originating in the 60s and 70s,
following Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962).
 STS was the result of "sociological turn" in science studies. It
makes the assumption that science and technology are essentially
intertwined and that they are each profoundly social and political.
INTRODUCTION
THE INTERCONNECTION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
 Science is the pursuit of knowledge about the natural world
through systematic observation and experiments. Through
science, we develop new technologies. While technology is
the application of scientifically gained knowledge for practical
purpose. Then Scientists use technology in all their
experiments.
 Humans have persistently observed and studied the natural
physical world in order to find meanings and seek answers to
many questions.
INTRODUCTION
THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE SOCIETY

1. To alter the way people live, connect, communicate and transact, with
profound effects on economic development.
2. One of the key drivers to development, because technological and
scientific revolutions underpin economic advances, improvements in
health systems, education and infrastructure.
3. The technological revolutions of 21st century are emerging from entirely
new sectors, based on micro-processors, tele-communication, bio-
technology and nano-technology.
 Products are transforming business practices across the economy, as
well as the lives of all who have access to their effects.
INTRODUCTION

 The most remarkable breakthrough will come from

the interaction of insights and application arising when
these technologies converge.
4. It has the power to better the lives of poor people in
developing countries.
5. The engine of growth.
6. It intervenes in some aspect such as cognitive
enhancement, proton cancer therapy and genetic
engineering.
The Scientific Method
Scientists use the scientific method to solve
problems.
– Make observations of nature.
– Derive a hypothesis or build a model in
response to observations.
– Construct experiments to bolster or refute
hypothesis or model.
Aluminum
• In the 19th century aluminum
was a rare and precious metal.
• Pure aluminum never occurs in
nature
• Found in bauxite, an ore
• The now common use of
aluminum is due to
collaboration between
chemistry and engineering.
 The driving force behind the
continuous progress in Science and
Technology is the desire to raise
the quality of life of the people.
Early beginnings of Science and Technology
• Early agriculture between 7,000-12,000 years ago.
• Science and Technology began when humans began
to grow their own food.
 I. ANCIENT TIMES
• Transportation
• People were trying to go places and discover new
horizons
• Search for food and find better locations for their
settlements.
• Trade surplus goods and exchanged for things
that they lacked.
 I. ANCIENT TIMES
• Communication
• To facilitate trade and prevent
possible conflicts with the
native
• Record-keeping to remember
the places they had been to
and the trades they made
• Keep records of their cultures
and civilizations
 I. ANCIENT TIMES
• Weapons and armors
• Risk of conflict in
discovery of new places
• Different groups
struggled to control
vital resources
• Major achievement for
security and protection
 I. ANCIENT TIMES
• Conservation of life
• Prevention of illnesses
• Discovery of cures
 I. ANCIENT TIMES
• Engineering
• Establishment of
structures for
protection from human
attacks and natural
disasters
 I. ANCIENT TIMES
• Architecture
• In the ancient times,
these architectural
designs were signs of
technological
advancements of a
particular civilization.
• Identity of a nation
 Sumerian Civilization

Located at the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia. Sumerians are known for
their high degree of cooperation. They are not contented with the basic things life
could offer, this pushed them to develop many things connected with science and
technology
 Sumerian Civilization
Cuneiform writing
system is one of the
major contributions of
the Sumerians.
They kept records of
things of great
historical values
Sumerian Civilization
• Uruk City
• The first true city in the
world
• It was built only from mud
or clay from the river
• Built walls around the city
that prevented wild animals
and raiders from entering
 Sumerian Civilization
• The Great Ziggurat of Ur
• Also called the mountain
of god
• It was constructed using
sunbaked bricks.
• It served as sacred place of
their chief god
 Sumerian Civilization
• Irrigation and dikes
• To bring water to
farmlands and to
prevent flooding from
the river
 Sumerian Civilization
• Sailboats
Used to carry large quantities
of products through
waterways
• Wheel
Used in farm work and food
processes
 Sumerian Civilization
• The plow
Used to carry large quantities
of products through
waterways
• Road
Used in farm work and food
processes
 Babylonian Civilization

The hanging Gardens of Babylon

 Egyptian Civilization

• The infrastructures like the pyramids are the

Pharaoh’s contributions to engineering technology.
 Egyptian Civilization
• Paper or papyrus
-grew abundantly
along the Nile river
• Ink
-combined soot with
different chemicals to
produce different colors
 Egyptian Civilization
• Heiroglyphics
-System of writing
=Records of ancient Egypt
was well preserved on
structures, walls etc.
 Egyptian Civilization
• Cosmetics
-used for both health and
aesthetics e.g. Kohl to
prevent eye diseases
• Wig
-health and wellness to
protect from harmful rays of
the sun
 Egyptian Civilization
• Water clock/ Clepsydra
• Utilizes gravity that
affects the flow of water
from one vessel to
another
 Greek Civilization
• Greece is an
archipelago in the
Southeastern part of
Europe
• Birthplace of Western
Philosophy
• Alarm clock by Plato
 Greek Civilization
• Water Mill
• Mass production of rice,
cereals, flours
 Roman Civilization
• Codex
• 1st bound book
• History of the Roman
empire was preserved
• Roman Architecture
• Built large churches, aqueducts,
coliseums, amphitheaters,
residential houses
Roman Civilization
• Roman numerals
• Standard counting
method of the Roman
empire
• Now we use Hindu-
Arabic numeral
Chinese Civilization
• The Chinese people
developed the
technology from silk
worm
• Paper and clothing
Chinese Civilization
• Tea Production
• Pouring hot/boiling
water over dried or
shredded leaves
• Still one of the most
popular beverages in
the world today
Chinese Civilization
• Great wall of China
• The only man made
structure that can be seen
from outer space
• Strong and massive
structure
• Largest and most expensive
infrastructure that China
built
Chinese Civilization
• The Chinese people
developed the
gunpowder
• Earliest known
gunpowder formula
 II. MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
• Printing press
• Invented by Johann
Gutenberg
• Uses juices from fruits
as ink
• Publishing books
 II. MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
• Microscope
• 1st compound
microscope was
invented by Zacharias
Janssen
• Based on the principles
of inventing eye glasses
II. MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
• Age of Exploration
• Galileo’s telescope
• Navigators: rudders,
compass, oars to make
sea travelling easier and
safer
• War weapons
 III. MODERN TIMES
• 19th century
• Pasteurization
• Keep dairy
products from
spoiling
 III. MODERN TIMES
• Petroleum refinery
 III. MODERN TIMES
• Telephone
• By Alexander Graham
Bell
 III. MODERN TIMES
• Calculator
• Computing device
 III. Philippine inventions
• Salamander Amphibious
Tricycle
• Dominic N, Chung,
Lamberto Armada, Victor
Llave
 III. Philippine inventions
• SALt Lamp
• Sustainable Alternative
Lighting
• By Aisa Mijeno
 III. Philippine inventions
• Medical incubator
• By Dr Fe Del Mundo

• DOST ITDI OL Trap

 III. Philippine inventions
• EJEEPNEY