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Fundamentals of Fluidization Techniques

This document provides an overview of fluidization including understanding fundamentals, classifying powders, deriving minimum fluidization velocity, advantages and disadvantages of fluidized beds, methods of continuous contacting, uses in reactors, heat exchangers and other applications, and some practical considerations in design and operation.

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Prince immanent Bopape
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36 views10 pages

Fundamentals of Fluidization Techniques

This document provides an overview of fluidization including understanding fundamentals, classifying powders, deriving minimum fluidization velocity, advantages and disadvantages of fluidized beds, methods of continuous contacting, uses in reactors, heat exchangers and other applications, and some practical considerations in design and operation.

Uploaded by

Prince immanent Bopape
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Learning unit 7: Fluidization

2020
At the end of this unit you should be able to:
• Understand the fundamentals of fluidization.

• Derive an expression for the minimum fluidization velocity.

• Understand relevant powder and particle properties.

• Classify powders according their fluidization properties at ambient


conditions.

• Solving problems related to packed and fluidized beds.

2
Bubbling and Non-bubbling Fluidization

A) B)

Bubbling Fluidization or Non-bubbling


Fluidization???

3
Methods of Continuous Contacting

Figure 1: Counter current and cross flow methods of continuous contacting in fluidization.

4
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fluidized Beds
Advantages
• Liquid like behaviour, easy to control and automate
• Rapid mixing, uniform temperature and concentrations
• Resists rapid temperature changes, hence responds slowly to changes in operating conditions and
avoids temperature runway with exothermic reactions
• Circulate solids between fluidized for heat exchange
• Applicable for large or small scale operations
• Heat and mass transfer rates are high, requiring smaller surfaces
Disadvantages
• Bubbling beds of fine particles are difficult to predict and are less efficient
• Rapid mixing of solids causes non-uniform residence times for continuous flow reactors
• Particle comminution (break up) is common
• Pipe and vessel walls erode due to collisions by particles
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Uses of Fluidized Beds
• Reactors
• Cracking hydrocarbons
• Coal gasification
• Carbonization
• Calcination
• Heat exchangers
• Drying operations
• Coating (example, metals with polymers)
• Solidification/granulation
• Growth of particles
• Adsorption/desorption
• Bio fluidization

6
Uses of Fluidized Beds (Cont.)

a) b)

Figure 2: Schematic diagrams of: a) fluidized bed solid cooler and b) Kellogg’s model A Orthoflow FCC.

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Uses of Fluidized Beds (Cont.)

Table 1: Summary of the types of gas-solid chemical reactions employing fluidization

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Some Practical Considerations of Fluidized Beds
Gas distributor
• Essential in regulating sufficient pressure drop.
Loss of fluidizing gas
• Could lead to collapse of fluidized bed if not properly considered in design stages.
Erosion
• Heat transfer tubes and/or freeboard are at high risk of erosion due to solid particles.
Loss of fines
• Reduces the quality of fluidization and contact area between gas and solids.
Cyclones
• Fluidized systems may have 2 or more stages of cyclones in series to improve separation efficiency.
Solids feeders
• Depending on the nature of solid feeds, various devices are available for feeding solids in fluidized
beds
9
Stay safe, stay home, wash hands and/or use
hand sanitizer #COVID19.

10

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