Grade:V
Subject:Science
L-10 –Changes in our
Environment
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Define Environment
Important factors influencing environment
Pollution and Its Effects
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Land Pollution
Noise pollution
Green House Effect
Major Green House Gases(Carbon dioxide, Methane, Watervapour, Ozone)
Global Warming
Saving the Environment
Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable wastes
Waste Management
Environment
Rocks ,soil, atmosphere,
Air, water, plants animals
and micro organisms
altogether make our
environment.
Important factors influence the environment :
Plants - Release oxygen into the atmosphere(Breathe, Food, Habitat
for animals and humans)
Insects – Helps in pollination of many flowers.(Part of Food chain,
Source of food for animals)
Microbes- Bacteria ,virus, fungi and protozoa are harmful .Some
Useful bacteria helps in nitrogen fixation.
Abiotic factors- Desert, Oceans, Polar ice caps, Mountains
Built Environment-Human interventions have made changes to
the natural environment. So this is now called Built Environment
Human activities that harm our environment
1. Increase in population
2. Deforestation
3. Increased use of fertilizers
4. Construction of dams,
powerplant, industries
5. Pollution
Pollution and Its effects
Air Pollution images
Water pollution
Land Pollution
Noise pollution
Pollutionis the addition
of harmful contaminants
into the environment
Air Pollution
It occurs due to release
of pollutants such as
dust,smoke,harmful gases
from factories and
vehicles
After Effects
Gases such as carbon
dioxide ,methane • Lower the quality of air
Burning of fossil added to air increase • Breathing polluted or dirty air
fuels the temperature • Leads to health diseases such
results in Global
as Asthma ,Lung cancer
Warming
Water pollution
It is caused when house
hold and industrial waste
released into water
bodies
Activities such as bathing Excessive growth of algae
Excessive use of insecticides
washing clothes near blocks the penetration of
and pesticides pollutes
ponds ,lakes or rivers add sunlight and air thus
ground water and other
nitrogen and phosphorous reducing oxygen
water bodies
containing chemicals .
Oil spills from ships are major Drinking polluted water cause water
cause of pollution of sea and waterborne diseases such as cholera
ocean water and diarrhoea.
Land Pollution
It degrade the
It is the addition
soil and
of waste to the
ground water.
land as a result
It make land
of human
infertile
activities
Pesticides fertilisers
acid rain solid waste
(Polythene bags,
bottles, cans)
cause land pollution
Noise pollution
Main soures of noise
pollutin
When excessive
factories ,vehicles ,lou
noise is
d
produced ,it
speakers ,entertainmen
causes noise
t gadgets such as radio
pollution
televisionion are
machines
Greenhouse Effect
GLOBAL WARMING
The increase in the
amount of gases in the air
results in more heating .It
leads to an overall rise in
the surface temperature of
the earth .This is known as
Global Warming
Effects of global warming
Temperature of earth is increasing
Temperature has increased about 1-
2F in last 100 years.
Ice at the poles will melt
Water level in oceans will rise
Large areas of land will get flooded
There would be destruction all
around
Major green house gases
CARBON DIOXIDE OZONE
METHANE WATERVAPOUR
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide in the air at an alarming rate
Human activities such as deforestation, burning
of wood and excessive use of fossil fuels.
Increase in the amount of carbon dioxide results
in increased rate of global warming.
Methane
Methane is a natural gas
It is released from landfills, wetlands ,rice paddies
Grazing animals such as cow buffalo sheep and goat release
methane into air while digesting food
Combustion of fuels also results in emission of methane gas
WATER VAPOUR
Water Vapour is the most abundant
green house gas on earth’s crust
It is responsible for 66-85% of the green
house effect
OZONE
Ozone at surface level is a green house gas
Urbanisation and Industrialisation are the
causes of increase in ozone in the air
Saving our environment
Maximise the use of solar energy and wind energy
Factories should be placed away from main city. Also convert the harmful substances
into harmless substances before releasing them
Planting of more trees is being encouraged(July 1-Vanamahotsava)
Farmers are being encouraged to use natural fertilisers
Catalytic converters have been made compulsory in cars(convert into harmless gas)
All buses are now run on CNG& Commercial vehicles more than 15 years are not
allowed to run on the roads
Many places(Ooty, Himachal Pradesh, delhi)banned the use of polythene bags
How we can help the environment
Use paper bags and Jute bags
Use bicycles for short distances or walk
Do not waste water ,food and paper
Plant more trees
Use electricity carefully
Use composting manure
Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable wastes
Waste Management
We can minimize the waste by using 3Rs principle
3Rs are REDUCE REUSE AND RECYCLE
Reduce :We should reduce the amount of waste we
produce.
Reuse : Instead of throwing old items ,we should try to
use them again
Recycle: We can use material from old products for
creating new ones.(Eg.Paper bags, writing pads,
greeting cards, old tyres, metal items)
Conclusion
Thank you
Loyola Science
Department
