MOTIVATION
Alazar Tesfaye (MA)
May, 2023
Motivation
Motivation is derived from a Latin word ‘movere’ which means
to move or to energize or to activate.
It refers to the forces that initiate and direct behavior. It can be
biological, emotional, cognitive, or social forces that activate and direct
behavior.
Motivation can be
INTRINSIC EXTRINSIC
Within the individual Comes from outside the individual
Theories of Motivation
DRIVE THEORY INCENTIVE BIOLOGICAL SOCIAL
THEORY THEORY MOTIVATION
DRIVE THEORY
It is also called drive-reduction theory or Push theory of motivation.
Behaviour is pushed toward goals by the driving states within the individual.
When an internal driving state is aroused, the individual is pushed to engage in
certain behaviour that leads to a goal that reduces the deprivation of the driving state.
Components
a. The driving state
b. The goal-directed behaviour initiated by the driving state
c. The attainment of an appropriate goal
d. The reduction of the driving state & subjective satisfaction or relief when
the goal is achieved.
The Motivational Cycle
Driving
State
Motivat Goal
Relief ional directed
behavior
Cycle
Goal
INCENTIVE THEORY
Individuals are motivated expecting incentive after the attainment of a goal.
A person motivated to receive something pleasurable from somebody else.
Motivation is external
Example: Wages, bonuses, vacations, etc
BIOLOGICAL THEORY
The biological motives are, to a large extent, rooted in the
physiological state of the body, such as;
- Hunger motivation
- Sex motivation
- Thirst motivation
Biological motives are the driving force to create physiological
homeostasis in the body
SOCIAL MOTIVATION
Social motives are motives for social affiliation, reputation & social attachment.
A person has a need for affiliation
A need to make friends
Social motives can be achievement motivation & power motivation
Achievement motivation is a strong motivation to win in social competition
Example: students compete to stood first in their class, or athletics competition, etc.
Power Motivation is a need to control others
Motives for domination in a social group
Motives for leadership in a group or community
It is the motivation to influence, control, persuade, lead, charm others & to enhance
one’s reputation in the eyes of others.
Frustration & Conflict of Motives
ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT-PRODUCED
FRUSTRATION (CONFLICT
PERSONAL
FORCES BETWEEN OR AMONG INADEQUACIES
MOTIVES)
Types of conflict of motives
APPROACH-APPROACH AVOIDANCE-AVOIDANCE APPROACH-AVOIDANCE MULTIPLE APPROACH-
CONFLICT CONFLICT CONFLICT AVOIDANCE CONFLICT
Approach-Approach Conflict
This kind of conflict happens when two attractive goals provided to a parson at a
time
Example: failing to choose from to favourite foods at a time
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
This kind of conflict happens when a person fails to choose from two unattractive
goals
Example: A boy must do his maths homework or get spanked
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
Happens when a person is both attracted & repelled by the same goal.
Example: The need to have sexual intercourse & fear of HIV/AIDS.
Multiple approach-avoidance conflict
It happens when a person provided with many attractive & unattractive goals at a
time.
Example: Good salary & good friends Vs. No educational opportunity & no
infrastructure
Thank you for your attention!
I hope you enjoyed the presentation! 😉😊
