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Eukaryotic Cells: Chapter 7-2: Cell Structure

This document provides an overview of the structures and organelles found within eukaryotic cells, including their locations and functions. It describes the major organelles such as the nucleus, which houses the cell's DNA, and the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, and their roles in protein synthesis, energy production, and waste breakdown. It also notes distinctive structures in plant cells like chloroplasts, vacuoles, and cell walls.

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172 views10 pages

Eukaryotic Cells: Chapter 7-2: Cell Structure

This document provides an overview of the structures and organelles found within eukaryotic cells, including their locations and functions. It describes the major organelles such as the nucleus, which houses the cell's DNA, and the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, and their roles in protein synthesis, energy production, and waste breakdown. It also notes distinctive structures in plant cells like chloroplasts, vacuoles, and cell walls.

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[email protected]
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Eukaryotic Cells

Chapter 7-2 : Cell Structure


Major organelles and their functions
Vocabulary
 Organelle  Ribosomes
 Cytoplasm  Mitochondria
 Nucleus
 Endoplasmic reticulum
 Golgi apparatus
 Chromosomes
 Chromatin
 nucleolus
Organelles
 “Little organs” of a eukaryotic cell
 Each perform a specific job for the cell
 Two major parts of the cell
 Cytoplasm-portion of the cell outside
the nucleus.
 Nucleus-controls the cell processes
and contains all the hereditary
information of DNA.
Inside and Out
 Plasma Membrane
A lipid/protein/
carbohydrate complex,
providing a barrier and  The cytoskeleton acts as
containing transport and both muscle and
signaling systems. skeleton, for movement
 Cytoskeleton and stability. The long
The cytoskeleton is fibers of the cytoskeleton
unique to eukaryotic cells. are polymers of subunits.
It is a dynamic three- The primary types of
dimensional structure that fibers comprising the
fills the cytoplasm. cytoskeleton are
microfilaments,
microtubules, and
intermediate filaments.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Rough endoplasmic  Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum (RER) reticulum (SER)
A network of A network of
interconnected interconnected
membranes forming membranes forming
channels within the cell. channels within the cell. A
Covered with Ribosomes site for synthesis and
(causing the "rough" metabolism of lipids. Also
appearance) which are in contains enzymes for
the process of making detoxifying chemicals
proteins for secretion. including drugs and
pesticides.
 Ribosomes  Lysosymes
Protein and RNA complex
A membrane bound
responsible for protein
organelle that is
synthesis.
responsible for
 Mitochondria breakdown of proteins
Surrounded by a double and membranes in the
membrane with a series cell. Also helps digest
of folds called cristae. materials ingested by the
Functions in energy cell.
production through cell  Peroxisomes or
respiration. Contains its
Microbodies
own DNA, and is believed
Produce and degrade
to have originated as a
hydrogen peroxide, a
captured bacterium.
toxic compound that can
be produced during
metabolism.
Golgi Apparatus
 A series of stacked membranes.
 Vesicles carry materials from the RER
to the Golgi apparatus.
 Vesicles move between the stacks
while the proteins are "processed" to
a mature form.
 Vesicles then carry newly formed
membrane and secreted proteins to
their final destinations
 secretion or part of the membrane.
Exclusive to plants
 Chloroplasts  Vacuoles
Surrounded by a Membrane
double membrane, surrounded "bags"
containing stacked that contain water and
thylakoid membranes. storage materials in
Responsible for plants.
photosynthesis.  Cell Wall
 Contains DNA, and Plants have a rigid cell
like mitochondria is wall as their outer
believed to have membrane.
originated as a
captured bacterium.
Nucleus
 Surrounded by the nuclear envelope which
is double membrane surrounding the
chromatin and the nucleolus.
 Pores allow specific communication with
the cytoplasm.
 The nucleolus is a site for synthesis of
Ribosomes.
 Contains cell DNA which contains coded
instructions for making proteins

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