PCC 104
Preparation of a
Buffer and
Determination of
its Buffer
Capacity by
Titration
Titrations and pH
Review
Definition
pH log H
pH meter calibration
Indicators
Pipet technique demo
Buret readings and techniques
Buret Readings
Read to two (2) decimal places)
Buffers
Review
[Link]
Textile applications of buffers
Constant pH for bleaching with NaOCl
Constant pH for dyeing
Constant pH for finishing
AATCC Tests
Test Method 81 – pH of Water Extract
Test Method 144 – Alkali in Textiles
Buffers to Be Prepared
pH of Buffer 0.10 M Acid 0.10 M Base
3.0 20.32 mL HCl 50.0 mL KHP
4.0 50.0 mL KHP 0.40 mL NaOH
5.0 50.0 mL KHP 23.85 mL NaOH
6.0 50.0 mL KH2PO4 5.70 mL NaOH
7.0 50.0 mL KH2PO4 29.63 mL NaOH
8.0 50.0 mL H3BO3 3.97 mL NaOH
10.0 50.0 mL H3BO3 43.90 mL NaOH
FROM PIPET
Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry
Lab Procedure
Calibrate pH meter using appropriate buffer (one pt.)
Prepare the buffer assigned to you.
Example for pH = 3 Buffer
Fill burets with HCl (left) and NaOH (right)
Record initial volume
Add HCl (20.23 mL) from buret to vol. flask
Pipet KHP (50.0 mL) to vol. flask
Dilute with water to mark w/disp. pipet.
Stopper and invert 10 times
Titrate 25.0 mL of your buffer in 150-mL beaker with
0.100 M HCl and 0.100M NaOH
Monitor and record titer (mL) and pH every 0.2 pH
units
CAUTION – Be careful with pH electrodes
Reactions for Buffer Components
pH 3 Buffer
O O O
-
C + C HO C
H -
OH O- O
OH OH O-
C C C
O O O
KHP=Potassium acid phthalate
Reactions for Buffer Components
pH 4 Buffer
O O O
-
C + C HO C
H -
OH O- O
OH OH O-
C C C
O O O
Reactions for Buffer Components
pH 6 & 7 Buffer
O - O
HO -
-
HO P O +
HO P O
H -
OH O
Reactions for Buffer Components
pH 8 &10 Buffer
OH
-
HO -
B(OH)3 HO B O
+
H
Procedure
Charge your two burets
Left buret with HCl (0.1M), and the right buret with NaOH (0.1M)
Drain the liquid to remove any bubble beyond the stopcock
Label and use a “Waste” beaker to collect the waste from rinsing
your electrode
Prepare 100ml of buffer in a volumetric flask and label it with the
name of your buffer
To the flask add the required volume of HCl or NaOH from the buret
Read and record to the nearest 0.01mL
Procedure
Pour slightly more than 50 mL of the other component into a small
labeled beaker. Then, pipet the correct volume (50.0 mL) of the other
component using a 50.0-mL pipet into the volumetric flask. In the pH
3.0 example, you would pipet 50.0 mL of 0.1M KHP.
With your rinse bottle, add deionized water (DI) to just about half an
inch below the line on the volumetric flask. Using a disposable
dropper, add DI water until the bottom of the meniscus is level with
the volumetric line. Insert the stopper, hold it with your thumb and
invert the flask at least 10 times to thoroughly mix the buffer that you
have just prepared.
Procedure
Select a pH 4.0, 7.0 or 10.0 buffer to calibrate your pH meter.
Calibrate your pH meter with the buffer that is closest in pH to
your buffer. Pour about 3” of the standard buffer into a test
tube in the test tube rack and use it to calibrate your pH meter.
Into a 150-mL beaker, pipet 25.0 mL of the buffer into the
beaker. Add a stirring bar. Add about 25 mL of 0.10M HCl to
your 50.00-mL buret . Be certain to drain some acid out the
bottom so you have no air between the stopcock and the tip.
Record the starting volume of acid in one column of a table.
Procedure
Once the buret has been filled, place the beaker of
buffer on the magnetic stirrer and clamp the pH
electrode so that the tip is completely immersed in the
acid solution. You probably will have to add some
deionized water to be certain the tip of the electrode is
covered. Adjust the height of the buret so that the tip
in inside the beaker and the stopcock is easily rotated.
Procedure
Add the HCl dropwise in increments that will increase
the pH by approximately 0.2 pH units. After each
addition, rinse the acid from the tip of the buret into
the solution with deionized water and record the
volume (titer) of acid added AND the pH (column next
to the volume column). Continue this addition of acid
until the pH flattens out or reaches three units below
that of the buffer.
Procedure
Repeat step 5 with 0.10 M NaOH. Into a clean 150-mL beaker,
pipet 25.0 mL of your buffer, insert your electrode. Titrate to
three pH units above its initial value or when it flattens out.
Clean your glassware and return it to your drawer. Drain the
NaOH and HCl from your burets and then rinse them well with
deionized water. Store the buret inverted in the stand with the
stopcock open.
Procedure
Please leave the glassware that was on your benchtop
at the beginning of the lab, clean and orderly.
Enter your data into a spreadsheet in columns labeled
HCl Titer (mL), pH, NaOH Titer (mL) and pH. Bring
them to the next lab so we can help you with the
plotting.
Computer Lab
October 3 - Enter buret volumes (Col. A (HCl), H
(NaOH)) and pH data in a spreadsheet (Col. C (HCl),
J (NaOH) and have that file available in the
computer lab.
Buffer capacity determination.
Prepare a brief PowerPoint presentation on the
results of your buffer capacity experiment.
