NON-METALS
Natural Materials &
Natural Gases
WEEK 2
NON-METALS
Non- Metals
Non-metals are elements that
usually don't look shiny like
metals and don't conduct
electricity well.
NATURAL MATERIALS
Wood
It is a versatile material derived
from trees, serves myriad purposes
ranging from construction and
furniture making to paper
production and fuel.
Rubber
Rubber is a versatile material
commonly used in various
applications such as tires, footwear,
and industrial products due to its
elasticity and resilience.
Coal
Coal is a natural material formed from
the fossilized remains of plants that
underwent decomposition,
compression, and heat over millions
of years, serving as a significant
source of energy due to its carbon-
rich composition.
Graphite
Graphite is a naturally occurring form
of crystalline carbon, characterized by
its slippery texture, electrical
conductivity, and use in various
applications such as lubricants,
pencils, and as a component in
batteries and electrical devices.
Cotton
Cotton is a natural fiber derived from
the fluffy seed covering of the cotton
plant, prized for its softness,
breathability, and versatility in
textiles.
Wool
Wool is a natural fiber obtained
from the fleece of sheep and certain
other animals, known for its
warmth, softness, and resilience in
textiles.
NATURAL GASES
NATURAL GAS
Natural gas is a mixture of gases which are rich in hydrocarbons. All these gases are
naturally found in the atmosphere. Natural gas is the earth's cleanest fossil fuel and
is colorless and odorless in its natural state. It is composed of four hydrocarbon
atoms and one carbon atom (CH4 or methane).
History of Many Uses
The first use of gas energy in the United States occurred in 1816, when gaslights
illuminated the streets of Baltimore, Maryland. By 1900, natural gas had been
discovered in 17 states. During the years following World War II, expansion of the
extensive interstate pipeline network occurred, bringing natural gas service to
customers all over the country.
What is Natural Gas used for?
What is Natural Gas used for?
• street and household lighting
• homes and industrial applications
• turn turbines for wind and solar energy generation
• production of ammonia which itself is used for making fertilizers.
• fires stoves in our houses and also runs heaters, ovens, boilers, etc.
What is Natural Gas used for?
• Compressed Natural Gas or CNG, that is gas stored at high pressure, is
also used in some households for heating and cooking purposes.
• CNG is also a cheap and environment friendly alternative for a
transportation fuel used in low load vehicles requiring high fuel efficiency.
• Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG is used to power vehicles such as off-road
trucks and trains.
What are the advantages of Natural Gas?
easily stored and relatively more
cleaner and provides
transferred through abundant than
safer fuel pipelines. other fossil fuels
instant energy
FOUR TYPES OF
DEPOSIT
Conventional natural gas
deposits
Conventional
01 resources are "pockets" of gas
contained within relatively porous rock, and
they are the
02
most easily mined. While
hydraulic fracturing has allowed for more
expansive access to these deposits, they can
be mined without its use.
Coal bed methane
Coal bed methane is natural gas consisting
mostly01of methane, which is trapped inside
coal seams. This is extracted while the coal
is being mined, as diminishing the pressure
in the coal seam allows the gas to flow out
of the seam and into a wellbore, where it is
extracted.
Shale Gas
Shale gas is natural gas found inside a
01
fine-grained sedimentary rock called
shale. Shale is porous (there are lots of
tiny spaces02 inside it), but it is non-
permeable, which means the gas cannot
flow through it.
Tight Gas
Tight gas is similar to shale gas in that
01
it is trapped inside a porous, non-
permeable reservoir rock. The only
differentiation between the two is that
the term tight gas includes natural gas
trapped inside reservoir rocks that are
not shale.
TYPES OF NATURAL
GAS ENERGY
Methane
It is the most abundant component
of pure natural gas, is highly
combustible and can be used for a
wide range of energy purposes.
Ethane
Ethane is the next most abundant
component of energy found in
natural gas. It is a hydrocarbon
and a byproduct of petroleum
refining.
Propane
Propane is an abundant energy
source found in natural gas and is
processed in gas or liquid form.
Often found in pipeline gas,
propane can be used for a variety
of purposes.
Butane
Found in natural gas, butane is not
as abundant as other
hydrocarbons, but it is still a
viable energy source and can be
used for a variety of purposes.
THANK YOU
