Sistem Hidrolik
(Hydraulics System)
Sistem Hidrolik 1
Pendahuluan (Introduction)
Sistem Hidrolik adalah suatu sistem/ peralatan yang bekerja
berdasarkan sifat dan potensi / kemampuan yang ada pada zat cair
( liquid ). Kata hidrolik sendiri berasal dari bahasa Greek yakni dari kata
hydro yang berati air dan aulos yang berarti pipa. Namun, pada masa
sekarang ini sistem hidrolik kebanyakan menggunakan air (water) atau
campuran oli dan air (water emulsian) atau oli (oil) saja.
“A hydraulic system uses a fluid under pressure to drive machinery or
move mechanical components.”
System hidrolik sudah banyak digunakan mendampingi system lain
misalnya system kelistrikan (elektricals system), system elektronik
(electronics system), system mekanik (mechanicals system), dan system
pnumatik (pneumatics system). System yang paling banyak digunakan
pada alat berat adalah system hidrolik, misalnya pada Excavator, Dump
Truck, Dozer dan lain-lain.
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Hydraulics System:
“a mechanism operated by the resistance offered or the pressure transmi
tted when a liquid is forced through a small opening or tube”
“A hydraulic system is a drive technology where a fluid is used to move
the energy from e.g. an electric motor to an actuator, such as a hydraulic
cylinder. The fluid is theoretically uncompressible and the fluid path can
be flexible in the same way as an electric cable.”
Electrical, mechanical and hydraulic are the three methods for power
transmitting. A combination of these three methods is used in most
applications for efficient working. These methods are selected depending
on particular applications.
Hydraulic systems transmit power by using the pressure of an
incompressible fluid within a sealed system. Normally this
incompressible fluid will be oil.
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Compressible and incompressible fluid
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Hydraulic System Advantages
1. Hydraulic systems are easy to control and accurate. Because, a system
operator can easily start, stop, accelerate and slow down the system
using simple levers and push buttons.
2. Hydraulic systems are simpler and easier to maintain because these
systems use less moving parts.
3. Only hydraulic systems can deliver constant torque or force regardless of
speed changes.
4. Easy to spot leakages of a hydraulic system.
5. Centralized lubrication systems that automatically lubricate and protect
the right points.
6. A large amount of power can be transmitted through the hydraulic system
using small flexible hoses and tubes.
7. These systems do not cause sparks. So, these systems are safe to use in
chemical plants and mines.
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8. Hydraulic systems have the ability to maintain its viscosity of
airworthiness, its density and the temperature of the fluid in a very
hot environment.
9. Using hydraulics power can be transmitted through flexible, varying
lines.
10. The amount of force on the driving system can be adjusted with
force multiplication.
11. Hydraulic components allow micrometric speed variations.
12. Minimize undesirable noises.
13. Easy to repair major machines in Hydraulics like Hydraulic Rams,
direction control valves, gear pumps, and motors.
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Some of the disadvantages
1. Hydraulic fluids are the main requirement of any hydraulic system.
Leakage of these fluids will create environmental problems and
safety issues.
2. Contaminants present in the hydraulic fluid will damage the
system performance and productivity. Hence, it requires
continuous filtration.
3. Wrong selection of hydraulic fluid for a system will damage the
components.
4. Proper maintenance is required.
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Hydraulic System Implementation
Excavators
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Schematic of Hydraulics System
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Basic Law
The basic law which is be used to explain how hydraulics system work is
Pascal’s law.
“In a fluid at rest in a closed container, a pressure change in one part is
transmitted without loss to every portion of the fluid and to the walls
of the container.” or
”A pressure change at any point in a confined incompressible fluid is
transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs
everywhere.” or
“Pressure exerted on a fluid in a closed container is transmitted
equally and undiminished to all parts of the container and acts at right
angle to the enclosing walls.” or
“The pressure applied to any part of the enclosed liquid will be
transmitted equally in all directions through the liquid.”
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Pressure, p is equal to the force divided by the area on which it acts.
The symbol of force, F and cross area is A. If the unit of force is newton
(N) and unit of cross area is m2 , the relation between p, F and A is:
p= (N/ m2 ) or pascal (Pa). Other unit: F in lb and A in inch 2
so p = lb/ inch2 or psi. Others if F in kg and A in cm2 so the unit of
pressure p is kg/ cm2 close of 1 bar or 1 atmosphere.
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A
LeAtAt ll
Closed container
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Ilustration
At single post lift of car, the pressure of liquid at the left side is p 1 and in
the right side is p2 . When the system is static condition or equilibrium, so
p1 = p2
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Example
F1 = 10 kg
p1 = p2,
A1 ≠ A2
A1 area of left cylinder, 5 cm2
A2 area of right cylinder, 50 cm2
Calculate weight of car can be
lifted up to stable.!
Aswer:
p1 = p2, p1 = 10 kg/5 cm2
= 2 kg/cm2.
Weight of car is as F2 = p2 x A2
= 2 kg/cm2 x 50 cm2
= 100 kg.
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Hydraulics and Work
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