LECTURE 4:

INELASTIC
ACTION
P R E PA R E D B Y: I N S T. L I E Z L TA N
@ MH 305/ MH 314
AUG. 14 & 18 , 2015
 INELASTIC ACTION
RECALL : Flexural Stress Formula Assumptions
 Plane section remains plane
 Prismatic
 Initially Straight
 Homogeneous; Isotropic
 Resisting moment is applied in the axis of symmetry
 Linear-elastic material
 Strain and Stress Progression
RECTANGULAR SECTION σ
σy
σa
Same Tensile and -εy
Compressive Strength εy ε
y y -σa
y -σy

εa σa

z ε σ

-εa -σa
 Strain and Stress Progression
σ
σy σy
Same Tensile and -εy
Compressive Strength εy ε
y y
y -σy -σy

εb σy

z ε σ

-εb
-σy
 Strain and Stress Progression

y
y
Strain Distribution

εa εb

ε ε

-εb
y
y y
σa σy σy
Stress Distribution

σ σ σ

-σa -σy -σy

ELASTIC ELASTO-PLASTIC PLASTIC

INELASTIC ACTION
o In members subjected to inelastic action, the neutral
axis does not necessarily coincide with a CENTROIDAL
AXIS.

o NOTE: If the section is symmetric AND the stress-strain

diagrams for TENSION and COMPRESSION are identical,
the neutral axis for plastic action coincides with the
centroidal axis.
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Equilibrium Equations to consider
• Resultant Force Equals Zero
Since σ creates a force on the area dA, we have:
FR = ΣFx; dF = σ dA

 dA  0
A

This equation provides a means of obtaining

the location of the neutral axis.
• Resultant Moment
(MR)z = ΣMz; dM = y (σ
The resultant moment at the section is
equivalent to the moment caused by the dA)
stress distribution about the neutral axis:
M  y(dA)
A
 𝑔𝐸 ሺ𝜖 ሻ, 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛
‫ۓ‬
𝑔𝑃𝑖 ሺ𝜖 ሻ, 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖)
𝜎=
‫۔‬ ⋮
𝑔‫ 𝑛𝑃 ە‬ሺ𝜖 ሻ, 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑛)

𝜖 = 𝑓 ሺ𝑦ሻ → 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟

MOMENT
CAPACITY
STRESS-
STRAIN
DIAGRAM
 Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
ELASTIC STATE ELASTO-PLASTIC STATE PLASTIC STATE

Where MY is the maximum Where MP is the plastic

Where M is the elasto-plastic
elastic moment when the moment when all fibers, except
moment in between MY and MP.
stress in the farthest fiber the neutral surface, reach Y.
reaches Y.

Set εY at the fiber farthest

from the N.A. The
corresponding Moment
Capacity is the ELASTIC
MOMENT MY.
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Beams used in steel buildings are sometimes designed to resist a
plastic moment. When this is the case, codes usually list a design
property for a beam called the shape factor. The shape factor is
defined as the ratio:

MP
k (5)
MY

Where MP is the plastic moment and MY is the maximum elastic moment of

the beam
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
4”
Example 1

Given: Elastoplastic Beam 2”

yp = 36 ksi

Determine:
A) The location of the neutral axis
when  in the outer fiber of the
8”
flange reaches the yield point.
1.5”
B) The moment required to produce
the condition at A)
C) The shape factor.
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1  vs y diagram
4”
yp = -36
Solution:
A) Determine Location of NA when 2” 2”
 = yp at outer flange f
a
• Sketch the  vs y diagram a-2
NA
• Compute f using similar
triangles
f a
36 8”

a2 a 1.5”
yp = 36
a  2

2a
10 -
 f  36  
 a 
yp = 36
STATE 2: ELASTOPLASTIC STATE
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1  vs y diagram
4”
yp = - 36
Solution:
A) Determine Location of NA when 2” 2”
 = yp at outer flange f
a
• Sketch the  vs y diagram a-2
NA
• Compute f using similar
triangles
f a
36 8”

a2 a 1.5”
yp = 36
a  2

2a
10 -
 f  36  
 a 
yp = 36
STATE 2: ELASTOPLASTIC STATE
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1
Solution:
-36 a
A) Determine Location of NA when
 = yp at outer flange
• The stress distribution on the cross F1
section is shown on the right with F2 where Fi =
the location of NA, a, still NA F3 volume of
unknown. the each
prism as
• To solve for the location of NA, F4
shown
use:

 dA   F x 0
36 ksi
F5

 F1  F2  F3  F4  F5  0
STRESS PRISM on Cross Section
Note that CA  NA STATE 2: ELASTOPLASTIC STATE
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1  vs y diagram
4”
yp = - 36
Solution:
A) Determine Location of NA when 2” 2” F1
 = yp at outer flange f F2
a
F3
• Using  dA   F x 0 NA
a-2

1  a  2 
0   36  36  2 4 
2  a  8” F4 a
  a  2 
 36  2 4  1.5”
  a  yp = 36 F5
1   a  2 

2a
10 -
 36  a  2 1.5
2   a 
1 yp = 36
 36a 1.5  3610  2a 1.5
2 STATE 2: ELASTOPLASTIC STATE
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1  vs y diagram
4”
yp = - 36
Solution:
A) Determine Location of NA when 2” 2” F1
 = yp at outer flange f F2
a
a-2 F3
• Simplifying gives NA
0   108a 2  360a  180
F4 a
a  3.775" 8”
1.5”
• Solving for f yp = 36 F5

2a
10 -
a  2  3.775  2 
 f  36    36  
 a   3.775 
yp = 36
 f  16.93 ksi
STATE 2: ELASTOPLASTIC STATE
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1
Solution:  vs y diagram
B) Moment required to produce the condition at A) - 36
• Compute Moment, MR about NA F1
2”
M R   M NA  F2 MR

”
3.775
f F3
1  1  1.775
M R   36  16.932 4  3.775  2  NS NA ”
2  3 
  16.932 4 2.775

”
3.775
8”
F4
 1  2 
  16.931.7751.5 1.775
2  3 
F5

5”
2.4
1  2 
  363.7751.5 3.775
2  3  36
 2.45 
 362.451.5   3.775  M R  1,557.63 kip  in
 2 
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1
Solution:
C) The Shape Factor top < 36 ksi
MP
• Formula: k
MY

• Compute for MY (Elastic State) y MY

NA
• Locate NA of T-Section
(Note: CA = NA)
Ay 4 2 9   81.54 
y   6"
AT 42   81.5
 NA = CA is 6” from bottom. bottom = 36 ksi

ytop  4" STATE 1: ELASTIC STATE

ybottom  6"  FARTHEST!
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1
Solution:
C) The Shape Factor top < 36 ksi
• Compute for MY (Elastic State)
• Compute INA
1
I NA  423  4232 y MY
12 NA
1
 1.58  1.582 
3 2

12
I NA  186.67 in 4
• Solve for MY
bottom = 36 ksi
My      M Y y far
 far y STATE 1: ELASTIC STATE
I I NA
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1
Solution:
C) The Shape Factor top < 36 ksi
• Compute for MY (Elastic State)
• Solve for MY
 y I NA

36186.67  y
MY  MY
y far 6 NA

M Y  1120 .02 kip  in

bottom = 36 ksi

STATE 1: ELASTIC STATE

Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1
Solution: a
-36
2”
C) The Shape Factor 2
a-
• Compute for MP (Plastic State)
• Locate NA of T-Section (CA  NA) F1
F2
 dA   Fx  0 NA a
10- MP

0   362 4   36a  2 1.5 F3

 3610  a 1.5
0  108a  360
a  3.33" 36 ksi

STATE 3: PLASTIC STATE

Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1
3”
Solution: 3.3
-36
2”
C) The Shape Factor 3”
1 .3
• Compute for MP (Plastic State)
• Solving for MP F1
F2
M P   M NA NA 6.6
7”
MP
M P   362 4 2.33
F3
 1.33 
  361.331.5 
 2 
 6.67 
  366.67 1.5 
 2  36 ksi
M P  1,920 kip  in STATE 3: PLASTIC STATE
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1
4”
Solution:
C) The Shape Factor 2”
MP
• Formula: k
MY
1,920

1120
8”
k  1.714 1.5”
Flexural Stresses - Inelastic Action
Example 1 - SUMMARY
top < 36 ksi
-36 -36

MY MR MP

NA NA
NA
36 ksi

36 ksi
bottom = 36 ksi 36 ksi
STATE 1: ELASTIC STATE 2: ELASTOPLASTIC STATE 3: PLASTIC
NA from Top = 4” NA from Top = 3.775” NA from Top = 3.33”
MY = 1,120 kip-in MR = 1,558 kip-in MR = 1,920 kip-in