PRE-
CALCULUS
Ma’am Grace
Specific objectives:
• illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse,
circle, hyperbola, and degenerate cases
• define a circle
• determine the standard form of equation of a circle
• graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system
CONIC
SECTIONS
A conic section, or simply conic, is a curve formed by the
intersection of a plane and a double right circular cone.
CONIC
SECTIONS
A conic section, or simply conic, is a curve formed by the
intersection of a plane and a double right circular cone.
TYPES OF CONIC
SECTIONS
1 Circle
3 Parabola
2 Ellipse
4 Hyperbola
TYPES OF CONIC
SECTIONS
• Circle - the cutting plane is not parallel to any generator but is perpendicular to the axis
TYPES OF CONIC
SECTIONS
• Ellipse - the cutting plane is not parallel to any generator
TYPES OF CONIC
SECTIONS
• Parabola - the cutting plane is parallel to one and only one generator
TYPES OF CONIC
SECTIONS
• Hyperbola- the cutting plane is parallel to the axis of the double cone
- is perpendicular to the bases of the two cones
TYPES OF CONIC
SECTIONS
• Circle
• Ellipse
• Parabola
• Hyperbola
TYPES OF CONIC
SECTIONS
• Circle
• Ellipse
• Parabola
• Hyperbola
DEGENERATE
CASES:
1
Point
2
Line
3
Intersecting lines
DEGENERATE
CASES:
• Point - the cutting plane passes through the vertex of the cone
DEGENERATE
CASES:
• Line - the cutting plane passes through the generators
DEGENERATE
CASES:
• Intersecting lines - the cutting plane passes through the axis
DEGENERATE
CASES:
• Point
• Line
• Intersecting lines
DEGENERATE
CASES:
• Point
• Line
• Intersecting lines
KEY
ELEMENTS:
• focus (F) - the fixed point of the conic
• directrix (d) - the fixed line d corresponding to the focus
• principal axis (a) - the line that passes through the focus and
perpendicular to the directrix
• vertec (V) - the point of intersection of the conic and its principal
• eccentricity (e) - the constant ratio
KEY
ELEMENTS:
CIRCL
E
A circle is a set of all coplanar points such that the distance
from a fixed point is constant. The fixed point is called the center of
the cicle and the constant distance form the center is called the
radius of the circle.
EQUATION OF A
CIRCLE
Given that (h, k) is the center of the circle;
and (x, y) is a point in the circle
r (x - h) 2 + (y - k)2
r (x - h) 2 + (y - k)2
r2 = (x - h) 2 + (y - k)2
(x - h) 2 + (y - k)2 = r2 Standard form
EQUATION OF A
CIRCLE
(x - h) 2 + (y - k)2 = r2 Standard form
x 2 + y 2 + Ax + By + C = 0 General form
EQUATION OF A
CIRCLE
To derive the equation of a circle whose center C is at the point (0, 0)
and with radius r, let P(x, y) be one of the points on the circle.
r (x - 0) 2 + (y - 0)2
r (x - 0) 2 + (y - 0)2
r2 = (x)2 + (y)2
r 2 = x2 + y 2
EXAMPLES
:
Determine the standard form of equation of the circle given its
center and radius.
a. center (0, 0) , radius = 4
b. center (2, 5) , radius = 6
c. center (-2, 7) , radius = 4
d. center (-8, -5) , radius = 3
EXAMPLE (x - h) 2 + (y - k)2 = r2
a.:
center (0, 0) , radius = 4
EXAMPLE (x - h) 2 + (y - k)2 = r2
A:
center (2, 5) , radius = 6
EXAMPLE
B:
center (2, 5) , radius = 6
(x - h) 2 + (y - k)2 = r2 x 2 + y 2 + Ax + By + C = 0
EXAMPLE (x - h) 2 + (y - k)2 = r2
C:
center (-2, 7) , radius = 4
EXAMPLE (x - h) 2 + (y - k)2 = r2
D:
center (-8, -5) , radius = 3
QUIZ (x - h) 2 + (y - k)2 = r2
: x 2 + y 2 + Ax + By + C = 0
Write the equation of the circle in general form and in standard
form.
1. center (3, -2) , radius = 4
2. center (6, 5) , radius = 8
3. center (0, 8), radius = 11
THANK YOU
May GOD bless you
always!
