ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
MOLECULAR AND
STRUCTURAL FORMULA
Jerynn G. Arsenal BS-Fisheries 1A
STRUCTURAL FORMULA
shows the arrangement of
the molecule.
MOLECULAR FORMULA
shows the number of atoms
of each element.
ISOMERS – different compounds having
the same molecular formula.
The prevalence of organic isomers reflect
the extraordinary versatility of carbon in
forming strong bonds to itself and to other
elements.
CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERS – when
group of atoms that make up the
molecules of different isomers are
bonded together in fundamentally
different ways to such compound.
CONDENSED STRUCTURAL FORMULA –
the bonds to each carbon are omitted,
but each distinct structural unit
( group ) is written with subscript
numbers designating multiple
substituents, including hydrogen.
SHORTHAND ( line ) FORMULAS – omit
the symbol for carbon and hydrogen
entirely. Each straight line segment
represent a bond, the ends and
intersection of the lines are carbon
atoms, non-bonding valence shell
electrons are omitted in these formula.
SHORTHAND FORMULA – line-angle
formulas are used to write carbon and
hydrogen atoms more efficiently by
replacing the letters with lines. A carbon
atom is present wherever a line
intersects another line. Hydrogen atoms
are then assumed to complete each of
carbons four bonds. Line angles
formulas help show structure and order
of the atoms in a compound.
KEKULE FORMULA – displays the atoms
of the molecule in the other they are
bonded. It also depicts how the atoms
are bonded to one another.
Ex. KEKULE FORMULA for Ethanol:
H H
H C C O H
H H
CONDENSED FORMULA – condensed
structural formula show the order of
atoms like a structural formula but are
written in a single line to save space
and make it more convenient and faster
to write out.
This also show a group of atom is
connected to single atom in a compound.
Ex. CONDENSED STRUCTURAL FORMULA
for Ethanol:
CH3CH2OH ( Molecular Formula for
Ethanol C2H6O ).
QUESTION
IT SHOWS THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MOLECULE?
IT SHOWS THE NUMBER OF ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT?
DIFFERENT COMPOUND HAVING THE SAME MOLECULAR
FORMULA?
GIVE ATLEAST 3 TYPES OF ORGANIC FORMULA?
IT DISPLAYS THE ATOMS OF THE MOLECULE IN OTHER
THEY ARE BONDED?
A STRAIGHT LINE SEGMENT REPRESENT A BOND?
WHEN GROUP OF ATOMS MAKE UP MOLECULES OF
DIFFERENT ISOMERS BONDED TOGETHER IN DIFFERENT
WAYS TO COMPOUND?
IT GIVES THE SIMPLEST POSSIBLE WHOLOE NUMBER RATIO
OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATOM WITHIN THE
COMPOUND?
