Cultural
customs: the
relationships
between humans
and animals
Animals as Spiritual
or Sacred Beings
Across various cultures, animals are
deeply intertwined with spiritual
beliefs and often play a central role
in rituals.
Cats in Islamism
"If you harm a cat, you must build a
mosque for God to forgive you”
Puma,
serpent, and
condor in the
Inca empire
The Andean Trilogy represents the Inca worldview,
connecting the heavens, earth, and underworld
through three sacred animals:
• Condor (Hanan Pacha): Symbolizes the heavens
and communication with the gods.
• Puma (Kay Pacha): Represents strength,
courage, and life in the earthly realm.
• Serpent (Ukhu Pacha): Signifies wisdom and the
underworld.
Cows in
Hinduism
Hindus avoid eating beef as
a sign of respect, seeing the
cow as a symbol of non-
violence and divine
generosity.
Elephants in
Buddhism
Elephants are sacred symbols of
strength, wisdom, and good luck in
Thai culture, particularly in Buddhism.
Thanks