KINDS OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH DESIGNS
• SURVEY
• CORRELATIONAL
• CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE
• EXPERIMENTAL
[Link]
OBJECTIVE
1. The learner demonstrate
understanding of quantitative
research designs (CS_RS12-
IIa-c-1)
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
• seeks to describe the current
status of an identified variable.
• is a type of research that aims to
describe and explain the
characteristics of a population or
phenomenon.
• Unlike in experimental research, the
researcher does not control or
manipulate any of the variables, but
only observes and measures them.
• A DESCRIPTION OF THE KINDS OF
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES THAT
TYPICALLY OCCUR IN NURSING
HOMES, AND HOW FREQUENTLY
EACH OCCURS
• A DESCRIPTION OF THE TOBACCO
USE HABITS OF TEENAGERS
• LEVEL OF STRESS OF GRADE VI
ELEMENTARY PUPILS IN SURIGAO CITY
EXAMPLE
S:
METHODS
• SURVEYS
• OBSERVATIONS
• CASE STUDIES
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
• Correlational research tests for
the relationships between
two variables. Performing
correlational research is done to
establish what the effect of one
on the other might be and how
that affects the relationship.
• Correlational research is conducted in
order to explain a noticed occurrence.
EXAMPLES
:
• The relationship between diet
and anxiety
• The relationship between an
aptitude test and success in an
Algebra course
EXAMPLE
• Title: THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN COLLEGE
STUDENTS
• Research Question: Is there a
relationship between the amount of
exercise college students engaged
in and their academic performance?
Methodolo
gy:
1. Participants:
• A sample of 200 college students aged 18-
25.
• Participants are randomly selected from a
university's student population to ensure
representativeness.
Variables:
Independent Variable (IV): The amount
of exercise (measured in hours per week). This
variable will be divided into three groups: no
exercise, moderate exercise (3-6 hours per week),
and frequent exercise (7-10 hours per week).
Dependent Variable (DV): Academic
performance (measured by GPA).
Procedure:
• Participants are asked to provide
their current GPA.
• Participants are grouped into the three
categories based on their self-reported weekly
exercise hours.
• Randomly assign participants to each exercise
group.
Control Variables:
• Age, gender, and prior
academic performance will be
controlled for to ensure the results
are not influenced by these
factors.
Data Collection:
• Data on GPA and exercise hours will
be collected from participants.
• The study will be conducted over a
semester to account for any potential
variations in academic performance
due to course difficulty.
Data Analysis:
• Perform a correlation analysis to examine the
relationship between exercise hours and GPA within
each group.
• Conduct ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to compare
the means of GPA among the three exercise groups.
• If a significant difference is found in the ANOVA,
post-hoc tests will be performed to identify which
groups differ from each other.
Expected Outcomes:
• If the correlational analysis shows a
positive relationship between exercise
and GPA, and the ANOVA indicates a
significant difference between the
exercise groups, it suggests that exercise
may have a positive impact on academic
performance in college students.
• In correlational
research the survey is
conducted on a
minimum of two
groups. In most
correlational research
there is a level of
manipulation involved
with the specific
variables being
researched.
CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE
RESEARCH
• is a methodology used
to identify cause-effect
relationships between
independent and
dependent variables.
• Causal-
comparative
research involves
‘comparison.’ In
causal-
comparative
research, the
study of two or
more groups is
• The effect of taking
multivitamins on a students’
school absenteeism
• The effect of part-time
employment on the
achievement of high school
students
EXAMPLE
• Research Problem: Investigating the Impact of
Early Childhood Nutrition on Adult Health
Outcomes
• Research Question: Does the quality of nutrition
during early childhood (ages 0-5) have a significant
impact on adult health outcomes, such as obesity
and chronic diseases?
In this example, a causal-comparative
study explores the relationship between
early childhood nutrition and adult
health outcomes.
• While the study cannot establish causation
definitively due to its non-experimental
nature, it aims to investigate whether
differences in early nutrition are associated
with variations in adult health conditions.
Experimental Type
Experimental research is one of the
founding quantitative research methods.
• Experimental research is any
research conducted with a
scientific approach, where
a set of variables are kept
constant while the other set
of variables are being
measured as the subject of
experiment.
• The simplest example of an experimental
research is conducting a laboratory test.
• A true experimental research is considered to be
successful only when the researcher confirms
that a change in the dependent variable is
solely due to the manipulation of the
independent variable.
OTHER EXAMPLES: (QUASI-
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH)
• The effect of teaching with a cooperative
group strategy or a traditional lecture
approach on students’ achievement
•A comparison of the effect of
personalized instruction vs. traditional
instruction on computational skill
By group:
• Write one school-based
sample for each of the
following: Descriptive;
Correlational type and
Causal-Comparative type of
