Pathogens
A Brief Discussion
BY – Adithya Raja
List of contents
Section Section
01 A Briefing about 02 Bacteria
pathogens
Section Section
03 Protozoa
04 Prevention Measures
Introduction
In this presentation, we will be
looking at the what pathogens are,
what are their types, what they do
to us and how to prevent it
1
01
A Briefing about
Pathogens
2
What are
Pathogens
Pathogens are microorganisms
that enter, develop and cause
illness to the body of its host. It
only needs a host body to
survive.
3
What are the different types of
Pathogens
Virus Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Worms
4
Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms with the
absence of the nucleus and other cell organelles;
hence, they are classified as prokaryotic
organisms...
Such organisms are called extremophiles.
Sometimes bacteria multiply so rapidly they crowd
out host tissues
and disrupt normal function.
Sometimes they kill cells and tissues
outright.
5
Types of Bacteria
Cocci: These bacteria are oval in shape. These may be diplococci,
streptococci, and staphylococci.
Spiral Bacteria: These are spiral-shaped bacteria. Spirochetes are thin and
flexible spiral-shaped bacteria.
Rod-shaped: Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria. These can be single or arranged
together in pairs or groups.
For e.g. diplobacilli and streptobacilli.
6
Symtoms of Bacterial Infection
Coughing Fever and
and Inflammatio
Sneezing n
Vomiting
and Fatigue
Diarrhoea
7
Diseases caused by Bacteria
Cholera Anthrax
Tubercolosi
Typhoid s
Fever
8
Protozoa
Protozoa is an informal term for a group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-
living or parasitic, that feed on
organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris.
Historically, protozoans were regarded
as "one-celled animals", because they often possess animal-like behaviours,
such as motility and predation, and lack a cell wall, as found in plants and many
algae.
9
Types of Protozoans
Amoeboid protozoans or sarcodines: They are unicellular, jelly-like protozoa
found in fresh or sea water and in moist soil. Their body lacks a periplasm.
Flagellated protozoans or zooflagellates: They are free living, non-
photosynthetic flagellates without a cell wall. They possess flagella for
locomotion and capturing prey.
Ciliated protozoans or ciliates: They are aquatic individuals that form a large
group of protozoa. Their characteristic features are the presence of numerous
cilia on the entire body surface and the presence of two types of nuclei.
Sporozoans: They include disease causing endoparasites and other
pathogens. They are uninucleate and
10
their body is covered by a pellicle.
Symtoms of Protozoan Infection
Stomach
Nausea Cramps &
Gas
Greasy Diarrho
Stool ea
11
Diseases caused by Protozoas
Kala
Malaria
Azar
African Amoebic
Sleeping Dysentry
Sickness
12
Prevention of Pathogens
Good hygiene: the primary way to prevent infections
Wash your hands well...
Cover a cough...
Wash and bandage all cuts...
Do not pick at healing wounds or blemishes, or squeeze pimples.
Don't share dishes, glasses, or eating utensils.
Avoid direct contact with napkins, tissues, handkerchiefs, or similar items used by others.
13
Percentage of diseases caused by
Pathogens
Bacteri
a
12 %
22 %
Virus
Fungi, Protozoa and
Worms
66 %
14
Russia Japan
USA
EU - 5
China
Brazil
Countries with Highest rates of Infectious
Diseases 2019
15
THANK YOU
