LINES AND ANGLES
P R E PA R E D B Y:
S U N I L K A C H A WA H A
ACADEMIC DEAN (JODHPUR)
N A R A YA N A E -T E C H N O S C H O O L
POINT
A point has no dimensions ,only position.
Point of intersection
when two lines intersect each other ,they
cross each other at a point known as the
point of intersection.
Types of points
Collinear points
Non collinear points
Coplanar points
Non coplanar points
Concurrent points
Points in Cartesian plane
Collinear and non collinear points
Coplanar and non coplanar points
Concurrent point
Point in Cartesian plane
Some questions
What is a line ?
When two points are joined by a straight line
you get a line segment , when it is extended
indefinitely on both ends which is
represented by arrow at both ends ,we get a
line.
Ray
A ray has two points joined by a straight line
segment ,but at one point the line extends
indefinitely and at other point it does not.
Types of lines
Intersecting lines
Parallel lines
Perpendicular lines
Concurrent lines
Intersecting lines
Intersecting lines are formed when any two
or more than two lines cross each other.
Parallel lines
Two or more lines that reside in the same
plane but never intersect.
The corresponding points at these lines are at
constant distance from each other.
Parallel lines are denoted by symbol ││.
Perpendicular lines
Perpendicular lines are two intersecting lines
that intersect at 90 degree.
The symbol of perpendicular is
Concurrent lines
Concurrent lines are defined as the set of
lines that intersect at a common point.
Three or more lines need to intersect at a
point to qualify as concurrent lines.
Question
Question
Solution
Angles
In geometry, an angle is formed when two
rays are joined at their endpoints. These rays
are called the sides or arms of the angle.
The two rays which join at a common point to
form the angle are called the arms of the
angle.
Vertex is a common endpoint that is shared
by the two rays.
Measure of angles
An angle is measured in degrees. One full
rotation around a point forms a complete
angle of 360°.
The best way to measure an angle is by using
a protractor.
Types of Angles and their Properties
Acute Angle
Right Angle
Obtuse Angle
Straight Angle
Reflex Angle
Complete Angle
Acute Angle
An acute angle is an angle which is greater than 0° and
less than 90°.
Right Angle
When an angle measures 90°, it is known as a
right angle. A right angle can be easily observed as it
forms the shape of the letter L.
Obtuse Angle
When an angle measures greater than 90° but less than
180°, it is an obtuse angle.
Straight Angle
The angle formed by a straight line is called a
straight angle.
Reflex Angle
A reflex angle is an angle whose measure is
greater than 180° but less than 360°.
Complete Angle
When the measurement of an angle is equal
to 360° it is a complete angle.
Angle Based on Rotation
Positive Angles
An angle measured in the counterclockwise (anti-
clockwise) direction is a positive angle. In other
words, positive angles are those angles that are
rotated from the base in the anti-clockwise
direction.
Negative Angles
Negative angles are those angles that are
measured in a clockwise direction from the base.
In other words, negative angles are those angles
that are angles are rotated from the base in the
clockwise direction.
Pairs of angles
Linear Pair of Angles
When two lines intersect each other, the adjacent
angles make a linear pair.
The sum of linear pairs is 180°.
It should be noted that all linear pairs are
supplementary because supplementary angles sum
up to 180°. However, all supplementary angles
need not be linear pairs.
Adjacent Angle
Any two angles that share a common side, a
common vertex, and that do not overlap are
called adjacent angles. In the following
figure, ∠1 and ∠2 are adjacent angles.
Vertical Angles
When two lines intersect, the angles opposite
to each other are equal and are called
vertical angles or vertically opposite angles.
In the following figure, ∠1 and ∠2 are equal,
and ∠3, and ∠4 equal because they are
vertically opposite angles.
Complementary Angles
When the sum of two angles is 90°, the
angles are called complementary angles.
Each angle is called the complement of the
other angle. In the figure given below,
∠AOB + ∠BOC = 90° ⇒ 20° + 70°
= 90°.
Supplementary angles
Two angles are considered supplementary
when they sum up to 180°.
It is not necessary that the angles must
always be adjacent to each other, as in the
case of linear pairs.
In other words, all linear pairs are
supplementary, but all supplementary angles
need not be linear pairs.
Supplementary angles
Pairs of Angles Formed by
Transversal
When 2 parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, many pairs of angles are formed.
Co-interior Angles
Alternate Interior Angles
Alternate Exterior Angles
Corresponding Angles
Co-interior Angles
When a transversal intersects two parallel
lines, the co-interior angles are always
supplementary. Co-interior angles are those
angles that:
Have different vertices.
Lie between two lines.
Are on the same side of the transversal.
In the following figure, ∠3 and ∠6 are co-
interior angles. Similarly, ∠4 and ∠5 are co-
interior angles. Therefore, they are
supplementary.
Co interior angles
Alternate Interior Angles
When a transversal intersects two
parallel lines, the alternate interior angles
formed are always equal. Alternate-interior
angles are those angles that:
Have different vertices.
Lie on the alternate sides of the transversal.
Lie between the interior of the two lines.
In the following figure, ∠4 and ∠6,
∠3 and ∠5 are the
alternate interior angles.
Alternate Interior Angles
∠4 = ∠6, ∠3 =∠5
Alternate Exterior Angles
When a transversal intersects two parallel
lines, the alternate exterior angles formed
are always equal. Alternate-exterior angles
are those angles that:
Have different vertices.
Lie on the alternate sides of the transversal.
Are exterior to the lines.
In the following figure, ∠1 & ∠7, ∠2 & ∠8
are alternate exterior angles.
Alternate Exterior Angles
∠1 = ∠7
∠2 = ∠8 are alternate exterior angles.
Corresponding Angles
When a transversal intersects two parallel
lines, the corresponding angles formed are
always equal. Corresponding angles are the
angles that:
Have different vertices.
Lie on the same side of the transversal, and
lie above (or below) the lines
In the following figure, pairs of
corresponding angles are equal.
Corresponding Angles
∠1 = ∠5
∠4 = ∠8
∠3 = ∠7
∠2 = ∠6
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the figure, lines AB and CD intersect
at O. If ∠AOC + ∠BOE = 70° and ∠BOD =
40°, find ∠BOE and reflex ∠COE.
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the Figure, lines XY and MN intersect
at O. If ∠POY = 90° and a : b = 2 : 3, find
c.
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the Figure, POQ is a line. Ray OR is
perpendicular to line PQ. OS is another
ray lying between rays OP and OR. Prove
that ∠ROS = 1/2(∠QOS – ∠POS).
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the Figure, if AB || CD, EF ⊥ CD and
∠GED = 126°, find ∠AGE, ∠GEF and
∠FGE.
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the Figure, if PQ || ST, ∠PQR = 110°
and ∠RST = 130°, find ∠QRS.
PRACTICE QUESTION
In Fig., PQ and RS are two mirrors placed
parallel to each other. An incident ray AB
strikes the mirror PQ at B, the reflected
ray moves along the path BC and strikes
the mirror RS at C and again reflects
back along CD. Prove that AB || CD.
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the figure , show that AB || CD.
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the given figure, find x. Further find
∠BOC, ∠COD and∠AOD
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the given figure, three coplanar lines
intersect at a point O, forming angles as
shown in the figure. Find the values
of x, y, z and u.
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the given figure, ∠AOC and ∠BOC form a
linear pair. If a − 2b = 30°, find a and b.
PRACTICE QUESTION
In the given figure, determine the value of x.
THANK
YOU
