Microorganisms
Microorgani[Link] microorganism, or microbe, is
an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its
single-celled form or as a colony of cells.
Microbes cannot seen by the naked
eyes. Most microbes are around 1
micrometer in size
The study of microorganisms is
called microbes.
Leeuwenhoek is universally
acknowledged as the father of
microbiology
Cyanobacteria evolved at least 2.4
billion years ago, which is the first
microorganism.
Lets learn about bacteria:-
• Bacteria are single-cell
organisms that are
neither plants nor
animals.
• This anaerobic free-living
bacterium is about 0.35
µm in diameter and 0.5
µm in length.
• Mycoplasma is the
smallest bacteria.
• Bacteria can be found
everywhere i.e. in air ,
water , land even in
human body.
• [Link] presents in human
Shape of bacteria
• Bacteria can be In different
shapes as you can see in the
figure.
• The basic shapes of bacteria:
o coccus: spherical bacteria
o bacillus: Rod–shaped bacteria
o spirilla: spiral bacteria
o vibrio: comma- shaped
bacteria
Reproduction in bacteria
• Bacteria reproduce primarily
by binary fission, an asexual
process whereby a single
cell divides into two.
• Under ideal conditions some
bacterial species may divide
every 10–15 minutes—a
doubling of the population at
these time intervals.
• E. coli divides in every
twenty minutes
• Pseudomonas divides in
every 9.5 minutes.
Structure of bacteria cell
Lets learn about algae
• Algae are defined as a group of
predominantly aquatic, photosynthetic, and
nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the true
roots, stems, leaves, and specialized
multicellular reproductive structures of
plants.
• Algae are photosynthetic organisms.
• Algae can be either unicellular or
multicellular organisms.
• Algae lack a well-defined body, so,
structures like roots, stems or leaves are
absent.
• Algaes are found where there is adequate
moisture.
• Reproduction in algae occurs in both asexual
Types of Algae
There are many types of algae. However, these are some of the more
prominent types:
Red algae
Red algae are the oldest group
of eukaryotic algae containing
over 6000 species. They fall
under the kingdom Protista and
phylum Rhodophyta. They
contain chlorophyll and can
prepare their own food by the
process of photosynthesis.
Green algae
• Chlorophyta, grass-green
algae. green algae, members
of the division Chlorophyta,
comprising between 9,000 and
12,000 species. The
photosynthetic pigments
(chlorophylls a and b,
carotene, and xanthophyll) are
in the same proportions as
those in higher plants.
Yellow green algae
• Cyanobacteria, formerly known
as blue-green algae,
are photosynthetic microscopic
organisms that are technically
bacteria. They were originally
called blue-green algae
because dense growths often
turn the water green, blue-
green or brownish-green.
Lets learn about protozoa
• Protozoa are unicellular animals.
Some are free-living, others are
parasites. Several parasitic
protozoans cause diseases in
human beings, domestic animals
and plants. For example,
Plasmodium, a protozoan, causes
malaria.
• Protozoans are single-celled
organisms.
• There are more than 6500 species
of protozoans.
• They lack a cell wall.
• Amoeba is a
Amoeba
unicellular organism
that has the ability to
change its shape.
They are usually
found in water bodies
such as ponds, lakes
and slow-moving
rivers. Sometimes,
these unicellular
organisms can also
make their way inside
the human body and
cause various
Features of amoeba
• It does not have definite shape.
• It use pseudopodia (false feet ) for movement.
• It can eat and execrate from any side of its body as it has no mouth and
anus .
• Single nucleus. Typically, there is a single nucleus that contains
most of the DNA
• Reproduction. Amoeba reproduction is by binary fission, a type
of asexual reproduction.
Paramecium
• Paramecium is an unicellular
organism.
• Paramecium is a eukaryotic
cell.
• Paramecium kingdom is
Protista and the genus is
ciliate protozoa.
• Paramecium move through
tiny hairs over it called cilia .
• The paramecium size ranges
from 50 to 300um.
