Introduction to TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol
What is the TCP/
IP?
• TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to
allow cooperating computers to share
resources across a network
• TCP stands for “Transmission Control
Protocol”
• IP stands for “Internet Protocol”
• They are Transport layer and Network
layer protocols respectively of the
protocol suite
• The most well known network that
What is a protocol?
• A protocol is a collection of rules and procedures
for two computers to exchange information
• Protocol also defines the format of data that is
being exchanged
Because TCP/IP was
developed earlier
than the OSI 7-layer
mode, it does not
have 7 layers but
only 4 layers
TCP/IP Model
Application layer
Rely on the underlying
protocols define the
layers to provide
rules when Typical protocols:
accurate and efficient
implementing specific
data delivery
network applications
• FTP – File Transfer
Protocol
• For file transfer
• Telnet – Remote
terminal protocol
• For remote login on
any other computer
on the network
• SMTP – Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol
• For mail transfer
• HTTP – Hypertext
Transfer Protocol
• For Web browsing
TCP/IP is built on “connectionless” technology,
each datagram finds its own way to its destination
Transport Layer protocols define the rules of
• Dividing a chunk of data into segments
• Reassemble segments into the original chunk
Typical protocols:
• TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
• Provide further the functions such as reordering and data resend
• UDP – User Datagram Service
• Use when the message to be sent fit exactly into a datagram
• Use also when a more simplified data format is required
• Network layer protocols define the rules of how
to find the routes for a packet to the destination
• It only gives best effort delivery. Packets can be
delayed, corrupted, lost, duplicated, out-of-order
• Typical protocols:
• IP – Internet Protocol
• Provide packet delivery
• ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
• Define the procedures of network address / MAC
address translation
• ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
• Define the procedures of error message transfer
Thank
you
