INTERNATIONAL POLICY
ISSUE
ABHISHEK YADAV
PURNIMA GUPTA
OVERVIEW OF POLICY ISSUES
e issues occasionally dominate and are
Trad
a continuing theme of the international
scene: the global market, sweatshops,
child labor, trade deficits, the euro,
sanctions, tariffs, embargoes, and the EU,
NAFTA, WTO – the seemingly endless
alphabet of interest groups, treaties,
organizations, and trade agreements.
TRADE POLICY ISSUES
global market
Sweatshops
child labor
trade deficits
the euro
Sanctions
tariffs
embargoes
EU, NAFTA, WTO
GLOBAL MARKET
Tariff Barriers
Considerable Diversities
Administrative Policies:
Political Instability or Environment
Variations in Exchange Rates
Norms and Ethics Challenges
SWEATSHOPS
A "sweatshop" is defined by the US
Department of Labor as a factory that violates
2 or more labor laws. Sweatshops often have
poor working conditions, unfair wages,
unreasonable hours, child labor, and a lack of
benefits for workers.
ISSUES UNDER SWEATSHOPS ARE
Health Issues
Ethical issues
Safety issues
CHILD LABOUR
Child labours refers to the employment of children in any
work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with
their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally,
physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This
practice is considered exploitative by many international
organizations.
The factors that contribute to child labours – including
“hazardous” child labours –include the poverty and illiteracy of a
child’s parents, the family’s social and economic circumstances, a
lack of awareness about the harmful effects of child labours, lack
of access to basic and meaningful quality education and skills
training, high rates of adult unemployment and under-
employment, and the cultural values of the family and
surrounding society.
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
The World Trade Organization, (WTO),
is the primary international body to
help promote free trade, by drawing
up the rules of international trade. The
organisation officially commenced on
1 January 1995 replacing the general
agreement on tariffs and trade which
commenced in 1948. The organization
deals with regulation of trade b/w
participating countries
Uruguay round 1986- 1994
it focuses on drive from previous trade negotiations.
Doha round 2001-2012
which an explicit focuses on the needs of developing
country.
Current agricultural
ISSUES IN WHICH WTO WORK
To establish the agreement
goods and investment
Services
Intellectual property
Dispute settlement.
Reviews of government trade policy
EUROPEAN UNIONS
The main aim of setup EU is ending the frequent
and bloody wars b/w neighbor's ,which
culminated in the second world war.
There are six founders of EU Belgium , Germany ,
France , Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands. In
1950
The European Union (EU) is a political and
economic union of 28 member states that are
located primarily in Europe. The fundamental
purposes of the European Union are to
promote greater social, political and economic
harmony among the nations of Western Europe.
ISSUES IN EUROPEAN UNION
The Italian Crisis : Italy's banking crisis has played a
key role in the destabilization of its domestic politics.
The main problem is the Italian banking sector’s high
rate of non-performing loans (NPLs). Approximately 17%
of all loans from Italian banks are NPLs, according to the
European Banking Authority.
Declining German Exports :The major economic issue
we expect to see in 2017 is a decline in German exports.
The latest World Bank data shows that Germany’s
exports-to-GDP ratio is 46.8%.
Neither China nor Russia will be increasing demand for
German goods due to their own economic .
And while Germany has managed to survive thus far by
increasing exports to the UK and the US, this is not
sustainable. This affects not just Germany, but all of
Europe.
The security issue: Security will be an issue
for the EU… and here, too, member states’
interests diverge. Some countries are more
concerned with refugees than others, and
Brussels is still unable to present a
universally accepted plan for dealing with the
refugee crisis.
EMBARGO
An embargo stop export or import of the
product or group of product to or from to
another country. Sometimes all trade with a
country is stopped , usually for political
reasons.
Some countries requires import or export
licenses. When domestic importers of
foreign goods are requires to get licenses ,
import , can be restricted by not issuing
many licenses. Export licenses have been
used to restricted, trade
NAFTA
Nafta is the extension of Canada Us trade
agreement of 1988 for eliminating all tariff
barrier . Later in 1991 Mexico joined them in the
form the Nafta. It came in to effect in Jan 1994
The main objective of Nafta was to promote
trade among united states, Mexico , and Canada
by lifting their trade barrier on the various
products like automobile , and their parts ,
computer, textiles, farms product, among the
members of the country . They agreed to
eliminate tariffs on 99% of goods and services
traded with in their borders by 2004.
THANK YOU
