Sociology
Sixteenth Edition, Global Edition
Social Interaction in
Everyday Life
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- Based on what people interact one to
another?
- What for people interact each other in
everyday lives?
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Social Interaction
• What is social interaction?
– Social interaction is the process by which people act and
react in relation to others.
– Humans rely on social structure to make sense out of
everyday situations.
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Closed
environment Personal Social
Attitute Behavior
Objective conditions
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(Macro): Socio-economic, u d
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Social Structure
• Members of every society have different
positions in that society. A social position
that a person holds is called social status.
• Status is part of our social identity and
helps to define our relationship with others.
• As one sociologist says “Before we can
deal with someone we need to know who is
the person is
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COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE 2024-12-15 6
CULTURE
Statuses & Roles
Ec
o no Ascribed Achieved
m
y
Social Institutions
CULTURE
Social Groups
CULTURE
Ed
uc a
Primary
tion
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INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR,
Po l
v
In
itics SOCIAL CONDITION, IDENTITIES &
INTERACTION (CULTURE)
In Volu
Vo vo
Mass Media lu lu
y o
h
il gi
alt
Fam eli Secondary
He
R
n
Social Institutions Social Groups
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved CULTURE
COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL
STRUCTURE
• 1. CULTURE: Everything people create and share
as members of society.
• 2. SOCIAL GROUPS: People connected together
and having awareness of their connectedness.
• 3. STATUSES: Social positions people occupy
(HOLD)
• 4. ROLES: acting or playing out organized or
negotiated scripts that accompany social positions.
• 5. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS: Organized patterns of
rules/norms, values, beliefs, functions and
interaction centered on basic social needs of
people.
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2024-12-15 8
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE COMPONENTS OF THE SOCIAL
STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION
Social Interaction
CULTURE
Social Groups
Social Institutions
Individual/Group
Interaction, condition
and identity
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Social Structure: Status
• Social positions a person holds at a given time
– Dance partner
– Boss
– Friend
– Harley club member
– Sports participant
– Business manager
Status set:
5 statuses: Family, University, social groups
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Status set
• A person can hold many statuses at once. Status
set is all the statuses a person holds at a given
time (example)
• Status set change over our life course by gaining
and losing of status
Request: Make a list of 5 important statuses in your
life (2 in family, 2 at the university and 1 in the
other social groups)
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Type of Status
• Ascribed: Involuntary positions and it is a social position a
person receives at birth or take involuntarily later in life.
This status with no choice. This kind of status is more
likely to exist in closed society. Closed society (social
mobility rare)
• Achieved status: refer to a position a person takes on
voluntarily with ability and effort. This status happens in
open society.
• High prestige statuses are more likely for richer, while
poorer people are more likely to hold lower statuses such
as unemployed, criminal
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Master Status
• Master status:
– Involves special importance for social identity, shaping
a person's life
• Master status is a status that has special importance for
social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life.
• For most people a job is a master status because it relates
to social background, education and income.
• Master status can be positive or negative. For example:
disable people, women status
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Social Structure: Role
• Role: Behavior
expected of
someone who holds
a particular status
“Holding status but
play a role”.
• Role set: Roles
attached to a single
status
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Social Role Conflict and Role Strain
• Role conflict
– Involves roles connected to two or more statuses
• Example
– A police officer who catches her own son using drugs at home
– Roles: Mother and police officer
• Role strain
– Involves roles connected to a single status
• Example
– Manager who tries to balance concern for workers with task
requirements
– Roles: Office manager and fellow worker
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Role exit
• Role exit
– Involves disengaging from social roles
• Process of becoming an “ex” : Many reasons to exit a role:
– No ability to continue or move up to higher status
– Can be very traumatic without proper preparation
– Can contribute to doubts about ability to continue with a
certain role
– Involves examination of new roles that lead to a turning point
• Status and role vary by culture.
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In class:
Give one example of role conflict and role
strain as a student at UEL. Vietnam
National University HCMC
Homework:
Try to think of roles a woman in
Vietnam has to perform? How about a
woman in Western culture? Compare
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