Practical 1:
GIS Data Input
and Management
12/17/24 1
Objectives
• Enable Course Participants to be able to
enter and manage data in a GIS
system (ArcGIS)
• Enable Participants to select a
particular data input technique while
entering data in a GIS system
12/17/24 2
Georeferencing a Scanned
map cont…
• In Arcmap add the raster layer you want to
georeferenced.
(dar_wards_ungeorefenced.jpg)
• To display the Georeferencing toolbar,
click the Customize menu and
click Toolbars > Georeferencing.
• In the table of contents, right-click a target
layer (the referenced dataset) and
click Zoom to Layer.
3
Georeferencing a Scanned
map cont…
• From the Georeferencing toolbar, click
the Layer drop-down arrow and choose the raster
layer you want to georeference.
• Click the Georeferencing drop-down menu and
click Fit To Display.
• Click the Add Control Points tool to add
control points
• To add a link, click a known location on the raster
dataset, right click the image and click input X and
Y and enter the corresponding coordinates of the
same location that you extract from the raster
layer.
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Georeferencing a Scanned
map cont…
• Add enough links for the type of transformation
you will apply. Minimum four links which are
distributed equally in your area.
• Click the View Link Table button to
evaluate the transformation. You can examine
the residual error for each link and the root
mean square (RMS) error. If you're satisfied with
the registration, you can stop entering links.
• Click the Georeferencing drop-down menu and
click Rectify. Rectifying will create a new file
with the georeferencing information.
Creating shape files
• Go to the folder connection, in the folder where
you have your data, right click the folder name,
new, shapefile.
• It will appear the below window, where you have
to specify the type of shapefile you want to
create. If it is point, polygon or line.
• Each shape file is created separately.
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Creating shape files…
7
Creating shape files
• You also need to define the spatial
referencing system. For our case it
will be, Edit > Projected Coordinate
System > UTM > WGS 1984 >
Southern Hemisphere > Zone 37S.
• The above procedures are repeated
for point feature(dar ward centers),
line(road network) and polygon(dar
ward).
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Creating shape files
• Displayed the rectified dar_ward.jpeg
• Add dar_wards.shp layer which you created.
• Go to Editor and select Start editing
• Select a sketch tool and start tracing the Dar es
Salaam wards . (You may need to zoom in and
sometimes out to be able to clearly trace the
features of interest). Make sure that the target
layer is Dar_Wards.shp
• Double mouse-click to stop the digitizing
exercise.
Use the same procedures to trace all roads, and
ward centers.
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