Physics Investigatory Project
Mechanical Properties of Fluids
By Priyesh Samal
Introduction
• Fluids play a crucial role in our daily lives, encompassing both
liquids and gases.
Let’s dive into the fundamental mechanical properties of fluids:
• What is a fluid ?
A fluid is any substance that can flow when an external force is
applied.
Unlike solids, which have a fixed shape, fluids adapt to their
containers and exhibit fluidity
What are the mechanical properties of
fluids ?
• Fluids are divided into two class distinguished by the names of liquids,
and elastic fluids or gases, which later comprehend the air of the
various kinds of air with which chemistry makes us acquainted .We
shall confine our attention at present to the mechanic properties of
non-elastic fluids.
• Fluids show the effects of gravitation in amore perfect manner than
solid bodies; the strong cohesive attraction of the particles of the
latter in some measure countering the effect of gravity.
Pressure
All liquids and gases are fluids. The force exerted normally at a
unit area of the surface of a fluid is called fluid pressure.
• When an object is submerged in a fluid at rest, the fluids exerts a force on its
surface.
• This force is always normal (perpendicular) to the object’s surface.
• Pressure arise due to the impact of force over a specific area
• Pascal’s law states that pressure is transmitted uniformly in all directions within
a fluid.
Viscosity
Most fluids offer some resistance to motion, and we call this
resistance “viscosity”. Viscosity arises when there is relative
motion between layers of the fluid. More precisely, it measures
resistance to flow arising due to the internal friction between
the fluid layers as they slip past one another when fluid flows.
Viscosity can also bethought of as a measure of a fluid’s
thickness or its resistance to objects passing through it.
Bernoulli’s Principle
Water in a hydraulic system exhibits two types of energy –
kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is when water is in motion
and potential is when there is water is in motion and potential
is when there is water pressure. The sum of both kinetic and
potential forms is the total energy of water. According to
Bernoulli’s principle , the total energy of the liquid remains
constant and hence when water flows in a system increases,
the pressure must decrease
Bernoulli Equation’s
Formula
The simplified form of Bernoulli's equation can be summarized
in the following memorable word equation: static pressure +
dynamic pressure = total pressure.
Streamline Flow
A streamline is a curve the tangent to which at any point gives
the direction of the fluid velocity at that point. It is analogous to
a line of force in an electric or a magnetic field. In steady flow
the pattern of the streamline is stationary with time and
therefore, a streamline gives the actual path of a fluid particle.
A steady flow is therefore also is called a streamline or laminar
flow. No two streamlines can ever cross one another, for if they
did, a fluid particle arriving at that point could go one way or
the other and the flow would not be steady.
Thank you !
