BIOTECHNOL
Kingdom
OGY
Protista
What is a Protist?
Eukaryotes- have a nucleus
Cannot be classified as an animal,
plant or fungi
The “odds and ends”
kingdom/Diversity
Both unicellular and multi-cellular
Both Heterotroph and Autotroph
Both a stationary and move
3 Categories of Protists…
Animal-like Protists
called
PROTOZOANS
Heterotrophs
Able to move from place
to place to obtain food
Unicellular
4 classifications of Protozoa
Based of how each moves
Phylum: Sarcodina
Pseudopods(podia)- False Foot
Example: Amoeba
Uses Pseudopods to trap food
Live in fresh water
Have food & contractile vacuole
Form Protective Cysts when food
or water is scarce (dormant stage
Amoe
Phylum: Ciliophora
Cilia--hair-like structures
Moves in wavelike motion
Example: Paramecium
2 Contractile Vacuoles
More than one nucleus
Large-controls the everyday tasks
Small-functions in reproduction
Reproduce both sexually and
asexually
Parameciu
m
Phylum: Mastigophora
Flagella-long, whip-like threads
Some live inside other
organisms
Example: Trypanosomes
Phylum:
Sporozoans(apicomplexans)
- don’t have any ability to move
(non-motile)
- Parasites-characterized by how
they live, not how they move
- They feed on the cells and body
fluids of its host using spores.
Plant-like Protists called Algae
Autotrophs
Important food source for organisms
in H2O
Much of O2 comes from algae
Vary greatly in size
Both unicellular, multi-cellular, and
unicellular that live in colonies
Wide variety of colors
Pigment- chemicals that produce
color
6 Types of Algae
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
Unicellular protists with glasslike
cell walls
Float on H2O or attach to rocks
Food source for heterotrophs
Move by oozing chemicals out of
slits in their cell wall
Used in household scouring
products (after they die)
They are Biological Indicators
hylum: Pyrrophyta
noflagellates (fire algae)
Unicellular algae
surrounded by stiff plates
that look like a suit of
armor
Variety of colors
2 flagella
move together to make
the cell spin like a top
Many glow in the dark
Algal Blooms
Phylum Euglenophyta
Euglenoids
Green, unicellular algae
Found in fresh water
One animal-like characteristic
Can be heterotrophs when sunlight is NOT
available
Most are Autotrophs
Example: Euglena
Uses a flagellum to move
Has an eyespot- part that is sensitive to
light, directs it toward the light
Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
Most are multi-cellular
seaweeds
Good at absorbing small
amount of light deep in H2O
Ways we use Red Algae
Ice cream
Hair conditioner
Food in Asian cultures
Red Algae
Green Algae
(Chlorophyta)
Most are unicellular
Live in fresh or salt water
Few live on land (rocks tree bark,
moist soil)
Closely related to land plants
Some scientists think that Green
algae should belong in the plant
kingdom
Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)
Commonly known as seaweed
Many plant like structures
Roots, stalks, blades (leaves)
Gas-filled sacs called bladders-
allows it to float upright
Flourish in cool, rocky waters
Example: Giant kelp (grow to be
100 m long)
Used:
To eat
As a thickener in pudding
Brown
Algae
Fungus-like Protists
“Sort of Like” organisms
Like animals-heterotrophs
Like plants-have a cell wall
while fungus –like protists has
cellulose while fungi have chitin in
cell wall
Use spores to reproduce
Spore: tiny cell that is able to grow
into a new organism
Move at some point in its life
(SLIME MOLD)
3 Types of Fungus-like
Protists
Slime Molds
Bright colored
Live on forest floors and moist shady
places
Ooze along decaying material
feeding on bacteria and other
microorganisms
Form giant jelly-like masses
(Fuligo septica)
Water Molds
Live in H2O and moist places
Causes disease in fishes
plants & algae
Look like fuzz
(Leptolegnia & Saprolegnia)
• Downy Mildew
Disease in plants in cool
humid region
white, gray, bluish or violet
patches
Attack and destroy crops
(Sclerospora)
