Gravitation - Class 11
Comprehensive Presentation on
Gravitation Concepts
Introduction to Gravitation
• • Gravitation: The force of attraction between
any two objects with mass.
• • Universal importance: Governs the motion
of celestial bodies, tides, and free-fall on
Earth.
• • Historical Perspective: Contributions of
ancient astronomers and Newton’s
breakthroughs.
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• • Statement: Every particle in the universe
attracts every other particle with a force
directly proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them.
• • Mathematical Formulation: F = G * (m1 *
m2) / r^2
• - F: Gravitational force
• - G: Universal gravitational constant (6.674 ×
10^-11 Nm²/kg²)
Gravitational Force and Field
• • Properties of Gravitational Force:
• - Acts at a distance (non-contact force).
• - Independent of the medium between two
masses.
• • Gravitational Field: The region around a
mass where its gravitational influence can be
felt.
• • Gravitational Field Strength (g): g = F/m =
GM/r².
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
• • First Law (Law of Orbits): Every planet moves
in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one of the
two foci.
• • Second Law (Law of Areas): A line joining a
planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in
equal intervals of time.
• - Implication: Planets move faster when
closer to the Sun and slower when farther
away.
• • Third Law (Law of Periods): The square of
