INSTITUTE OF

MANAGEMENT
AND TECHNOLOGY
Department: Electrical Engineering

Course Code: PC EE-502

Course Name: Power System-I
Session: 2023-24 Semester:
RAHUL LAL – 11501621002 5 th

SHILADITYA MAITRA – 11501621003

SOUVIK MAJHI – 11501622023

Date: 05/08/2023 1
A Presentation by
HYDROELECTRIC
POWER STATION

Tehri Hydropower Complex 2

 CONTENT SECTION
PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
1. TOPIC 2
2. INTRODUCTION 4
3. LAYOUT&WORKING 5-6
4. TYPES 7
5. CONCLUSION 9

3
 INTRODUCTION
• Hydroelectric Power, also called Hydropower, electricity produced from generators
driven by turbines that convert the potential energy falling or fast-
flowing water into mechanical energy.

• A Hydroelectric Generating Station is a plant that produces electricity by using

water to propel the turbines, which, in turn, drive the generators.

• A Hydroelectric Power Station that has a dam and reservoir is a flexible source, since
the amount of electricity produced can be increased or decreased in seconds or minutes
in response to varying electricity demand.

• Once a Hydroelectric Complex is constructed, it produces no direct waste, and almost

always emits considerably less greenhouse gas than fossil fuel-powered energy plants.

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 LAYOUT&WORKING
Dam and Reservoir: The dam is constructed on a
large river in hilly areas to ensure sufficient water
storage at height. The dam forms a large reservoir
behind it. The height of water level
(called as water head) in the reservoir determines how
much of potential energy is stored in it.

Control Gate: Water from the reservoir is allowed to

flow through the penstock to the turbine. The amount
of water which is to be released in the penstock can
be controlled by a control gate. When the control gate
is fully opened, maximum amount of water is released
through the penstock.

Penstock: A penstock is a huge steel pipe which carries

water from the reservoir to the turbine. Potential energy
of the water is converted into kinetic energy as it
flows down through the penstock due to gravity.
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Water Turbine: Water from the penstock is taken into the water turbine. The turbine is
mechanically coupled to an electric generator. Kinetic energy of the water drives the turbine
and consequently the generator gets driven. There are two main types of water turbine; (i)
Impulse turbine and (ii) Reaction turbine. Impulse turbines are used for large heads and reaction
turbines are used for low and medium heads.

Generator: A generator is mounted in the power house and it is mechanically coupled to the
turbine shaft. When the turbine blades are rotated, it drives the generator and electricity is
generated which is then stepped up with the help of a transformer for the transmission purpose.

Surge Tank: Surge tanks are usually provided in high

or medium head power plants when considerably long
penstock is required. A surge tank is a small reservoir
or tank which is open at the top. It is fitted between the
reservoir and the power house. The water level in the
surge tank rises or falls to reduce the pressure swings
in the penstock. When there is sudden reduction in
load on the turbine, the governor closes the gates
of the turbine to reduce the water flow. This causes
pressure to increase abnormally in the penstock.
This is prevented by using a surge tank, in which the
water level rises to reduce the pressure. On the other hand, the surge tank provides excess 6
 TYPES
IMPOUNDMENT
The most common type of hydroelectric power plant is an impoundment facility.
An impoundment facility, typically a large hydropower system, uses a dam
to store river water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows
through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates
a generator to produce electricity.

DIVERSION
A diversion, sometimes called a “run-of-river” facility, channels a portion
of a river through a canal and/or a penstock to utilize the natural decline
of the river bed elevation to produce energy. A penstock is a closed conduit
that channels the flow of water to turbines with water flow regulated by gates,
valves, and turbines.

PUMPED STORAGE
A PSH facility is able to store the electricity generated by other
power sources, like solar, wind, and nuclear, for
later use. These facilities store energy by pumping water
from a reservoir at a lower elevation to a reservoir at a higher elevation. 5
 APPLICATIONS
• The applications of hydroelectric power today are so broad as electricity is one of our basic needs today.
• It is also used thousands of years ago to turn paddle wheels on rivers and to grind grain.
• Today, hydropower is used to generate electricity. For generation of clean electricity, which is its primary
use.
• For business benefits, in such hydro sites can be good places to locate a major production facility due to the
cheap and excess energy they produce.
•Another good use of hydropower is to offer recreational facilities to the public such as swimming, fishing, and
boating.
•The system is used to enable irrigation for agriculture.
ADVANTAGES
• Neat and clean source of energy
• Very small running charges - as water is available free of cost
• Comparatively less maintenance is required and has longer life

DISADVANTAGES
• Very high capital cost due to construction of dam
• High cost of transmission – as hydro plants are located in hilly areas which are quite away from the
consumers 8
 CONCLUSION
With a population of well over a billion people and a fast growing economy, India’s electricity demand
is expected to double over the next decade and hydropower will play a very important role.
India has close to 100 hydropower plants above 25 MW, plus nine pumped storage stations.
Hydropower’s share in the electricity mix has, however, been decreasing over the years, accounting
for around 10 per cent of generation, with the majority (80 per cent) coming from thermal generation.
The government formally recognized large hydropower as renewable in 2019.
Previously, the government had considered projects up to 25 MW renewable, but in 2021 included
hydropower in the Renewable Purchase Obligation.

India has an ambition to reduce its emissions intensity by 45 per cent and achieve 50 per cent
cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel energy resources by 2030.
To compliment its variable renewable energy targets, India has indicated that it will need at least 18.8
GW of pumped hydropower capacity to support the integration of wind and solar by 2032 and
potentially more if other energy storage systems are not financially viable. The government has
identified that India has 100 GW of pumped storage potential from on-river, with more for off-river,
with over 60 sites identified.
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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Websites & Links:
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, as a team, would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our
Power System-I teacher, ‘Assistant Prof. Madhumita Kundu’ for her able
teaching and guidance, continuous support for the completion of this project
and its presentation, from initial advice and encouragement.

THANK YOU 10