BIOMASS POWER PLANT

OUTLINES
◻ Introduction
❑ Biomass and its sources
❑ Biomass power plant and its working
❑ Biomass power generation modes
❑ Social benefits
❑ Economic viability
❑ Prospective segments & challenges
❑ Conclusions
INTRODUCTION

Enough Biomass resources in the world to cover the

world’s energy demand.

Using Biomass sources for power generation is CO2

neutral.
What is the use of biomass energy?

◻ For producing heat ◻ For producing

energy electricity
◻ Anything from the
◻ Using method is same
nature which can burn as oil. Burn it and get
energy either for a
to heat.
state or a house.
◻ E.g. charcoal, wood, ◻ E.g. wood, crop
Mustard oil residues, Mustard oil
WHAT IS
BIOMASS ?
◻ Biomass is a renewable energy source that is derived
from living or recently living organisms.

◻ It is produced by metabolic activities of biological

systems (plants and animals) and/or products of their
decomposition or conversion

◻ The chemical and energetic value of those materials is

based on the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen
bond

◻ Biomass suitable for utilization must have a net heating

value
SOURCES OF BIOMASS

•Comes from the forest

•Can also come from plant and animal waste

•Wood and waste can be found virtually

anywhere
OVERVIEW
◻ Biomass can be chemically and biochemically
treated to convert it to a energy-rich fuel.

◻ Thermal energy is extracted by means of

combustion, and gasification and other various
methods.

◻ Energy derived from biomass is mostly used to

generate electricity or to produce heat.
KEY COMPONENTS OF BIOMASS
POWER PLANT
◻ Fuel storage and handling equipment
◻ Combustor / furnace
◻ Boiler
◻ Pumps
◻ Fans
◻ Steam turbine
◻ Generator
◻ Condenser
◻ Cooling tower
◻ Exhaust / emissions controls
◻ System controls (automated).
HOW DOES BIOMASS
POWERPLANT WORK
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODES
❑ Different types of biomass power
generation modes are
□ Combustion
□ Gasification combustion
□ Mixed burning
□ Gasification mixed burning
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODES
◻ COMBUSTION
□ Biomass burned directly in boiler to produce steam to generate electricity
◻ Main advantage
□ Mature technology
□ Low running cost
□ Simple biomass pretreatment
◻ Disadvantage
□ Low efficiency at small scale
□ single biomass fuel
□ large investment
◻ Application
□ Large scale power generation
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODE
◻ GASIFICATION COMBUSTION
□ solid biomass breaks down to form a flammable gas.
□ Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned in gas
turbine or engine
◻ Gasification
□ Advantage
■ High
efficiency
at small
scale
■ Flexible
in
capacity
■ Low
investme
nt
□ Disadvant
age
■ Complex
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODE
◻ MIXED BURNING
□ Biomass mixed with coal and burned in boiler
◻ Main advantage
□ Simple and convenient operation
□ Least investment if no reconstruction of existing device
◻ Main disadvantage
□ Strict biomass pretreatment and quality
□ Some impact on original system.
◻ Application
□ Suitable for timber biomass.
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODES
◻ Gasification –mixed burning
□ Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned with coal in
boiler
◻ Main advantage
□ Universal application
□ Low impact on original coal-fired system
□ Economic benefit
◻ Main disadvantage
□ Complex management
□ Certain metal erosion problem
◻ Application
□ Power generation system for mass biomass.
VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND
OPTIONS AVAILABLE
◻ Organic plant based oil(crude palm oil-CPO)
□ Generation of electricity using CPO.

◻ Biogas anaerobic digestion.

□ a type of fermentation that converts organic material into biogas.
□ it mainly consists of methane (approximately 60%) and carbon
dioxide(approximately 40%).
□ Power generation using scrubbed methane gas.
SOCIAL BENEFITS OF BIOMASS
POWER GENERATION
◻ Biomass power generates electricity that is:
□ reliable,
□ domestically produced,
□ economically competitive and
□ environmentally sustainable.
◻ Since biomass energy uses domestically-produced fuels,
biomass power:
□ greatly reduces our dependence on foreign energy sources,
□ increases our national security and
□ provides greater fuel diversity.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
❑ Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal
◻ Can generate money for community
◻ It provide job opportunity in rural areas
◻ Power from biomass gasifier based plants are cheap
in rural areas
◻ Overall cost of installation, running, transmission,
labor etc. per unit cost of electricity is low.
PROSPECTIVE SEGMENTS &
CHALLENGES
◻ Biomass Combustion power plant is attractive to:
□ Industrial Factories owners
□ Plantation/Mill owners
■ Sugar cane (Bagasse)
■ Rice (Rice Husks)
■ Wood/Paper (Wood Wastes)
■ Corn (Corn Wastes)
■ Palm Oil (Empty Fruit Bunches, Shells)
■ Cassava (Roots, Stems)
◻ Able to supply both Electricity and Heat (steam) for factory use
◻ Main challenges:
□ securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source at stable prices

□ selling price of electricity, if connected to the grid to sell electricity

CONCLUSIONS
❑ Uses low cost waste materials

❑ Recycling waste materials can be a solution to the problems

with disposing of waste products

❑ Reduced dependence on foreign oil

❑ Biomass plants operate in a reliable and consistent manner

providing crucial base load power generation.
Biomass: a new source of energy

◻ Which biomass energy source are the most

famous for using and under research?
◻ How does it work?
◻ What is the advantages and the disadvantages of
biomass energy?
◻ What is the limitations of biomass energy?
◻ How is it affecting the environment negatively?
The various and famous examples for
biomass

◻ Crop residues : burn it in incinerator to produce energy.

◻ Burning woods : burning woods in order to produce

electricity or heat energy.

◻ Mustard oil : used like oil for electricity or diesel

How does it work?
(1)
◻ CROP RESIDUES ◻ WOOD - burn as
-burn in the fuel to either
incinerator and produce energy or
produce electricity. heat.
◻ It produces 10% of ◻ Wood-fired power
electricity of Hawaii plants provide 23% of
and Brazil. the electricity used in
Maine.
How does it work?
(2)
◻ MUSTARD OIL - burn in the engine as diesel for
vehicle or in power plant to produce electricity.
◻ It is under research.
The advantages for biomass energy

◻ Most of them are renewable, e.g., wood, mustard

oil and crop residues.
◻ Solve energy crisis in the future.
◻ Some of them are re-using the waste, e.g.,crop
residues, sewage.
◻ High energy efficiency.
◻ Generally it does not polluted the atmosphere as
much as oil and coal.
The disadvantages of the using of biomass
energy (1)
◻ More serious air pollution was found when burning
plants matters, e.g., CO2, CO, solid particulate
matter.
◻ Emission more carcinogens into the air.
◻ Emission some toxic gases and ash.
The disadvantages of the using of biomas
energy (2)
◻ It takes too much energy to collect, dry and
transport the residues to power plants.
◻ Reduce soil nutrient replenishment.
◻ The source of biomass can use fertilize soil, e.g.,
crop residues and animal manure. Cutting too many
woods is a kind of deforestation can cause, soil
erosion and natural disasters
The disadvantages of the using of biomas
energy (3)
◻ Raising the price of food, wood and wood products
indirectly.
◻ May cause accident.
◻ It uses large area to grow biomass.
The limitations for using biomass energy

◻ Either high technological level or catalytic

combustion is needed.
◻ Large area is needed to grow plants for biomass
energy use.
◻ When producing biomass fuel, large amount of
waste will also produced.
The environmental problems are caused
by biomass energy

◻ It will intensify air pollution.

◻ It may cause saltilization and decrease to
total size of the arable land.
The environmental problems are caused
by biomass energy

◻ The source of biomass

can use fertilize soil,
e.g., crop residues and
animal manure.
◻ Cutting too many woods
is a kind of
deforestation can cause,
soil erosion and natural
disasters