Prim's and Kruskal's Algorithms
Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithms
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Introduction to MST
• Definition of MST
• Importance in network design
• Applications in real-world scenarios
Prim's Algorithm Overview
• Basic idea: Start with a single vertex and grow
the MST one edge at a time
• Greedy algorithm
Steps of Prim's Algorithm
• 1. Initialize a tree with a single vertex, chosen
arbitrarily from the graph.
• 2. Grow the tree by adding the cheapest edge
from the tree to a vertex not yet in the tree.
• 3. Repeat until all vertices are included in the
tree.
Example of Prim's Algorithm
• Step-by-step illustration of Prim's algorithm on
a sample graph
• Highlighting the process of selecting edges
Complexity of Prim's Algorithm
• Time complexity: O(V^2) using adjacency
matrix, O(E + V log V) using binary heap and
adjacency list
• Space complexity: O(V)
Kruskal's Algorithm Overview
• Basic idea: Sort all edges and add them one by
one to the MST, ensuring no cycles
• Greedy algorithm
Steps of Kruskal's Algorithm
• 1. Sort all edges in non-decreasing order of
their weight.
• 2. Initialize the MST as an empty set.
• 3. Add edges to the MST, one by one, using a
union-find data structure to detect cycles.
• 4. Repeat until the MST contains V-1 edges.
Example of Kruskal's Algorithm
• Step-by-step illustration of Kruskal's algorithm
on a sample graph
• Highlighting the process of selecting edges
Complexity of Kruskal's Algorithm
• Time complexity: O(E log E) or O(E log V) using
union-find
• Space complexity: O(V)
Prim's vs. Kruskal's
• Differences in approach and application
• Comparison of time and space complexities
• Suitable scenarios for each algorithm
Applications of MST Algorithms
• Network design (e.g., computer, electrical)
• Clustering analysis
• Approximation algorithms for NP-hard
problems
Conclusion
• Summary of key points
• Importance of understanding both algorithms
• Encouragement to explore further applications
and variations
Questions and Answers
• Open floor for questions
• Contact information for follow-up
