THE CARDOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
BY
[Link],A.
PHS 205
CVS CONSISTOF THE FOLLOWING.
• The heart-pumping system. The
heart beat an average of
70beats/minutes, pumping about
1800 gallons of blood.
• The arteries and arterioles are
distributing system. They have thick
elastic wall, high pressure but low
volume circuit system, about 16% of
the total blood.
• The capillaries are small, thin walled
blood vessels that link the arterial
and venous sides of the circulation.
• Veins and venules house the largest amount
of blood, about 64%,thin
walled,distensible,and function as reservoir.
They are called low pressure, high volume
circuit system.
• The fluid system. The blood is the fluid were
all the reactions take place.
• Primary Functions of the CVS
1. Delivery of O2, glucose, amino acid, vitamins, fatty
acids, drugs & water to tissues
2. Removal of metabolic wastes
3. Distribution of hormones to tissues & secretion of
some hormones (e.g. ANP)
4. Temperature regulation
5. Participates in reproduction – provides hydraulic
mechanism for penile erection.
6. Immunity
ORGANIZATION OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSYEM
• Two divisions exist in the cardiovascular
system.
A. Pulmonary circulation
B. Systemic circulation.
Overview of the circulatory system
• Pulmonary circulation-heart
pump from the body to the
lungs (deoxygenated).
• Systemic circulation-heart
pumps oxygenated blood from
the lung to the rest of the body
except the lungs.
• The pulmonary circulations consist of the right
heart, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein.
1. Deoxygenated blood leaves the capillary, joins the
inferior and superior vena cava.
2. Enter the right atrium, pumped to the right
ventricle to the pulmonary artery into the body
that carry venous blood(de-oxygenated blood).
3. To the capillary of the lungs where oxygenation
takes place,
4. To pulmonary vein, the only vein in the body that
carries arterial blood(oxygenated blood).
• The systemic circulation consist of the
• left heart,aorta,and its branches,
• the capillaries that supply to brain,
• the peripheral tissues,
• the systemic venous system and
• the vena cava.
The direction of blood flow therefore are as follows:
1. From the lungs to the left atrium via the
pulmonary vein
2. From the left atrium to the left ventricle via the
mitral valve
3. From the left ventricle to the aorta through the
aortic valve
4. From the aorta to the systemic arteries and
systemic tissues
5. From the tissues to the systemic veins and vena
cava.
[Link] the vena cava(mixed venous blood) to
the right atrium.
[Link] the right atrium to the right ventricle,
through the tricuspid valve.
[Link] the right ventricle to the pulmonary
artery.
[Link] the pulmonary artery to the lungs for
oxygenation.
The Physiological Anatomy of the
Heart
• The heart lies in the mediastinal space of
the thoracic cavity, between the lungs. It is
enclosed by the pericardium.
• The heart itself has three(3) layers, the
epicardium, myocardium,and the
endocardum. Functionally the heart is
divided into four(4) chambers, two atria and
two ventricles.
• The right atrium is thin –walled
and function as a reservoir
conduit for systemic venous
blood circulation to the right
ventricle and lungs.
• Right ventricle is also thin wall
and about 80% of venous blood
passes into the ventricle through
the tricuspid valve
• Left ventricle is a high pressure
vessel.
Cardaic Valves
• There are two types of cardaic valves-the
arterio-ventricular valves(AV) which
separate the atria from the right and left
ventricles and the Semi-lunar valves
which separate the pulmonay artery and
aorta from the right ventricle and the left
ventricle.
• The tricuspid valve is located between
the right atrium and ventricle.
• The mitral valve(bicuspid valve) is
located between the left atrium and
ventricle.
Functions of all valves
• Prevent the backflow of blood.
• They ensure that blood flows in
only one direction.
CONCLUSION
• The right ventricle is designed to generate low
pressure sufficient to propel blood into the
pulmonary artery.
• The pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure
system offering less resistant than the
systemic circulation.
• Blood enter the right atrium via the superior
and inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
