PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
Submitted to: Mr.
Rishi Jain
Submitted by:
Maanas Sehgal
Class: XII
Section: A1
BLACKBERRY
CONTENTS INCLUDED
Certificate of completion Important Properties
Acknowledgement Advantages and
Disadvantages of H.W.R.
Purpose of Project
Experiment: Aim,
What is a Rectifier?
Requirements, Procedure,
What is a Half Wave Circuit Diagram,
Rectifier? Observations and
Principle Calculations
Bibliography
Circuit Diagram
Working
THE SD VIDYA SCHOOL,
AMBALA CANTT
CERTIFICATE OF
COMPLETION
This is to certify that the Project report title
“ANALYSIS OF HALF WAVE RECTIFIER”
of Term 2, Physics, is a bona fide work carried out by
MAANAS SEHGAL of Class XII-A1 Blackberry of The SD
Vidya School
Teacher Guide: Mr. Rishi
Jain
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This Project is a golden opportunity for learning
and self development. I consider myself fortunate to
have such wonderful mentors to guide me through the
journey of researching, performing practical's and the
making of this project.
My sincere thanks to Mrs. Neelinderjeet Kaur
Sandhu, Principal, SD Vidya School, who inspired and
guided him through her address. My heartfelt gratitude
and appreciation Teacher and Guide, Mr. Rishi Jain for his
patience and belief in myself. His exemplary investment
in the complete process, encouragement and insightful
feedback helped me achieve my objective.
Lastly, I would like to thank my family members
and friends whose support helped me to complete the
project within the deadline.
PURPOSE OF PROJECT
The main purpose of the project
conducted is to deeply analyze the Half
Wave Rectifier. We have studied in our
physics textbooks about Half Wave
Rectifiers, but I found it interesting
enough to research about this topic and
study it deeply.
WHAT IS
Rectifier isRECTIFIER?
a device which is used for converting
alternating current/voltage into direct
current/voltage.
The process of converting alternating
current/voltage into direct current/voltage is
known as rectification.
Rectifiers are classified into different types based
on the number of diodes used in the circuit or
arrangement of diodes in the circuit:-
Half Wave Rectifier
Full Wave Rectifier
WHAT IS A HALF WAVE
RECTIFIER?
A Half Wave Rectifier is a type of rectifier which
converts the positive half cycle of input signal into
pulsating direct current output signal.
PRINCIPLE
The Half Wave Rectifier is based on the
principle of P-N Junction giving low
resistance in the case of forward biased and
high resistance in the case of reverse biased.
CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM
A.C voltage to be
rectified is
connected to the
primary P1 P2 of a
step-down
transformer. S1 S2
is the secondary
coil of the same
transformer. S1 is
connected to the
portion p of the p-n
junction. S2 is
connected to the
portion n through
load resistance R.
Output is taken
across the load
WORKING
During the positive half cycle of the input
A.C., suppose P1 is negative and P2 is positive.
On account of mutual induction, S1 becomes
positive, S2 becomes negative. The p-n junction
is forward biased. The resistance of p-n junction
becomes low. The forward current flows in the
direction shown by arrow heads. Thus, we get
output across-load.
During the negative half cycle of the
input A.C., P1 is positive and P2 is negative. On
account of mutual induction, S1 becomes
negative and S2 is positive. The p-n junction is
reverse biased. It offers high resistance and
hence there is no flow of current and thus no
output across load. The process is repeated. In
the output, we have current corresponding to
one half of the wave, the other half is missing.
That is why the process is called half
IMPORTANT PROPERTIES
The output obtained from p-n junction
as a half wave rectifier is
unidirectional, intermittent and
pulsating D.C.
The efficiency of half wave rectifier is
small.
The output D.C. voltage=mean load
current * Load Resistance
The frequency of output
voltage/current is equal to frequency
of input supply voltage/current.
Advantages
of H.W.R Disadvantages
We use very few of H.W.R
components to Power loss
construct the Pulsating direct
half wave current
rectifier. So the
Produceslow
cost is very low.
output voltage.
Easyto
construct
EXPERIMENT
AIM: To determine the current by
measuring voltage and resistance using
half wave rectifier.
Materials Required;-
• Diode
• Capacitor(50V)
• Voltmeter
• Resistance Box
• A.C. Supply
• Wires for
Connections
PROCEDURE
Take a supply and connect it to switch.
Connect the terminal part of the AC to the “p” part of
the diode using wire.
Now connect the other part of the AC terminal to the
capacitor.
Connect the n-part of the diode to the capacitor.
Connect the both ends a capacitor to the resistance
box.
Place a connection between voltmeter and resistance
box by joining the terminals of voltmeter.
Now power on the switch and find out the resultant
voltage by changing the resistance box.
Calculate the current by measuring the mean voltage
and resistance using ohm’s law.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CONCLUSION
As conclusion, we can conclude that
half-wave circuits can be built
and can measure and record their output
voltages and curves systematically. Next, the
influences of load resistor and capacitor on DC
output voltage is investigate. Half- and full-
wave rectifiers are used to convert AC into DC
voltage. This is the primary function of the
rectifier in industrial applications.
For example, AC is used across the
power grid, but to use electricity for welding,
electroplating and as a DC source for motors
with special speed controls, the AC must be
changed to DC. Therefore, it is importance to
carried out this experiment to increase the
understanding on rectifier in industries.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Pradeep’s Physics Book Class XII
NCERT Book Vol-11 Physics Class XII
Exam Idea Book Part-II New Course Physics Class II
Notes provided by Aakash Institute
THANK
YOU
