T&M for

Automotive
Automotive Technologies

GPS, Galileo,
Beidou, Glonass 802.11p
LTE, LTE-A
CAN/LIN, 2/3G
FlexRay, BroadR-reach Wifi, BT
NFC, HDMI,
USB
RKE/
LFMCW 2/3G TPMS
AM/FM GNSS
FM Chirps
DAB, XMSirius, HD radio
DVB, ISDB, T-DMB
DTMB, CMMB, ATSC

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 2

Main Menu Click your Topic!

Infotainment Drive Assistance Syste Electro-Magnetic In-Vehicle

ms Interferences Networks

Cellular Communica Car EMC CAN /

tions Radar LIN / FlexRay

Connectivity car2 Interference BroadR-Reach

car / V2V Communicati Hunting (Ethernet)
ons

Audio / Video / eCall / EMI RKE /

Antennas ERA-Glonass Debugging TPMS

Car
Navigation

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 3

Infotainment
An infotainment system in the automotive sector is a system of components that provides
various functions in comfort and safety in the areas of

ΙCellular Communications

ΙConnectivity

ΙAudio/ Video

ΙNavigation

ΙAntennas

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 4

Cellular Communciations
In recent years wireless communications has rapidly made its way into the automotive industry.
However, the growing popularity of mobile services requires inter-compatibility and interoperability
of the different standards also within vehicles. Rohde & Schwarz provides standard-compliant
T&M solutions that cover all these aspects of wireless communications.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 5

R&S CMW Mobile Radio Tester

/ac R&S CMW500

Radio Communication Tester

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 6

R&S CMW-KT022 CMWcards
I No programming skills required

I Quick access to protocol procedures

I Reproducible tests

I For failure scenarios and

I Use case tests

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 7

CMWcards – Application Views
Card
Card Pool
Pool with
with Playing
Playing Field
Field
all
all available
available To
To create
create
cards
cards testcase
testcase

Network
Network
View
View

Parameter
Parameter
View CMW500
CMW500
Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw View
T&M for Automotive 8
View
View
Connectivity
І Connectivity describes solutions to integrate portable electronic devices such as
mobile phones, music players, etc. into the vehicles.

І The current technology connectivity trends are:

Source: Denso

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 9

Wifi Hotspots – Internet on the Road
Ι Car hot spots provides W-LAN connectivity for internet access while on the road.

Ι In this way mobile devices such as smartphones, notebooks or tablets get connected to
the IP world via W-LAN.

Ι Important applications are not only in the area of “mobile office” but also web radio,
online games, video clips and Skype via VoIP.

Ι The hot spots are integrated together with its power supply e.g. into the central armrest
and are connected to the vehicle’s antenna.

Source: lesswire Source: Huawei

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 10

Connectivity
І R&S SMW200A supports of all important digital standards incl. WLAN IEEE
802.11a/b/g/n/ac.
І Optional integrated fading section for channel emulation with up to 160 MHz
bandwidth.
І R&S FSW performs spectrum and modulation measurements on all important digital
standards incl. WLAN IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac.
І Provides complex WLAN measurements at a keystroke (automatic setting of
modulation format).

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 11

Connectivity
І Multiple-standard RF measurements for W-LAN, Bluetooth and FM-Stereo.
І General-purpose ARB generator for W-LAN, Bluetooth, FM Stereo, GPS and
broadcast technologies.

R&S CMW270
Wireless Connectivity Tester

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 12

 WLAN:
Development
Development of
of TX/RX
TX/RX 802.11
802.11 RF
RF Layer
Layer Tests
Tests 802.11
802.11 WLAN
WLAN Network
Network 802.11
802.11 Production
Production test
test LTE
LTE /Wifi
/Wifi coexistence
coexistence
Modules/ Amplifiers
Modules/ Amplifiers Signaling
Signaling and Performance
and Performance solution
solution tests
tests
tests
tests (( E2E)
E2E)
Signal Wideband
Wideband Wideband
Generator/Analyzer Communication tester Communication Tester communication tester
R&S SMU/FSW R&S CMW500 R&S CMW500 R&S CMW500
Signal Generator
R&S SMU/SMBV

Available
11ac
Available

11ac Signal
Available 802.11
802.11 WLAN
WLAN OTA
OTA Generator/Analyzer
TS8991
TS8991 R&S SMBV/FSW
Signal Analyzer Wideband LTE
LTE /Wifi
/Wifi Offloading
Offloading
R&S FSW/FSQ Communication
Tester R&S CMW500 Wideband
communication tester
R&S CMW500

11ac
Available

Available
11ac 11ac soon
Available Available

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 13

Bluetooth:
The automotive industry is a steadily growing market for Bluetooth® technology.

ΙHands-free calling systems now included as standard

equipment on millions of new cars and trucks
Head-up display connected via BT
ΙCar manufacturers offer new Bluetooth® enabled systems for to the smart phone. Source: garmin
smartphone apps in the car and pursue the app market with its Bluetooth
enabled sync systems.

ΙConsumer electronics makers such as Pioneer and Sony are getting in on the apps-in-the-
car market, adding the ability to connect phones to their latest car receivers.

ΙFord is exploring Bluetooth® enabled systems that monitor a person's vital signs while
driving.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 14

Bluetooth:
Ι The R&S CBT/CBT is a fast Bluetooth tester for comprehensive RF and audio
measurements.
Ι Besides power, modulation, frequency and BER tests, a variety of spectrum analyses
on an active Bluetooth® connection without requiring any extra spectrum analyzers are
carried out.

Ι For audio measurements corresponding profiles such as “hand-free”, “headset” and

“A2DP” are available. .

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 15

USB:
Ι USB connectors allow the consumer to interface with a array of on-board
information and entertainment systems.

Ι Typical applications include:

 Music streaming

 Data exchange between portable devices and

Music streaming or storage on car radio HD via
the vehicle USB. Source: Jeep.com

 Passenger convenience data transfer (telematic, global positioning)

 Charging of consumer electronics

 Voice recognition systems (cell phone links, voice mail, internet)

 Vehicle diagnostic

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 16

USB:
Ι USB compliance tests are required to prove interoperability of USB devices.

Ι USB 2.0 High-speed Tests include:

 Signal Quality test (eye diagram, etc.)

 Packet Parameter (protocol)
 Chirp Timing (data rate detection)
 Suspend/Resume/Rest (state machine) Acquisition of the USB2.0 test
waveform for signal quality testing.

 J/K, SEO_NAK Levels

 Receiver Sensitivity
(requires generator to test input sensitivity)
 Hub Jitter
 High-speed Repeater test
Acquisition of the USB2.0 test
waveform for signal quality testing.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 17

USB:
Ι The high measurement accuracy of the R&S RTO Oscilloscope is a prerequisite for
reliable compliance testing on the physical layer of USB interfaces.
Ι The R&S ScopeSuite is a tool that guides the user step-by-step through the test
sequence according to the USB 2.0 interface standard.
Ι It configures the oscilloscope, automatically performs measurements and compiles
the result in a clear measurement report.
Ι Support of automated Receiver Sensitivity test with Tabor AWG generator
WX2182B

Tabor WX2182B

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 18

High Definition Multimedia Interface:
Ι Automotive video entertainment systems become more and more popular.

Ι For connecting personal media players, HD camcorders,

and other digital sources with a seatback or dashboard
display the HDMI interface was introduced.

І The categories of devices under test include

 HDMI sources (DVD players, etc.)
 HDMI sinks (video displays, monitors, ect.)
 HDMI cables (passive equalized & active)

7” headrest screen display

Source: dhgate.com

Source. Rohde-Schwarz.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 19

High Definition Multimedia Interface:
Ι The R&S UPP is a compact audio analyzer which offers real-
time decoding of compressed audio data streams on its S/P
R&S®UPP
DIF and HDMI inputs. For HDMI also video meas are possible.

Ι The R&S VTS is a compact video tester for A/V interface

testing in device manufacturing
R&S®VTS

Ι The R&S VTE is a compact all-purpose tester for A/V interface

testing in QA and for test system integration
R&S®VTE

І The R&S®VTC video test center is a high-end platform

for A/V interface testing of consumer electronics
devices.
R&S®VTC

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 20

Near Field Communication:

Hyundai is testing out a The MLX90132 is a 13.56MHz

concept in which it allows Pilot participants of Continental can RFID/NFC reader IC. It has been
users to access their car use the system to unlock and start designed to handle sub-carrier
using NFC-enabled the vehicles with an NFC phone frequencies from 106 to 848 kHz
smartphones. and baud rates up to 848kbit/s.

Funkwerk / Stollmann / PLDS work PLDS (Philips Light-on Digital Harman has integrated on NFC-
on “NFC hotspots”. The phone will Solutions) developed a module with driven personalized dashboard into
transfer apps, text messages, Qi wireless charging standard a Dock + Go concept car, enabling
contact information, to an in-vehicle directly integrated into the center drivers to automatically set seating
display. console in the vehicle (Toyota) and entertainment preferences.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 21

R&S FS-K112PC
І The NFC measurement software R&S FS-K112PC analyzes NFC signals and measures.
І It supports the spectrum analyzers R&S FSV and R&S FSL, digital oscilloscope
R&S RTO and the R&S ZVL network analyzers.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 22

R&S FS-K112PC
ΙThree types of NFC are to be distinguished, all working on the same frequency of 13.56
MHz, but with different data rates: NFC-A / -B / -F.
ΙR&S FS-K112PC supports all 3 and detects automatically, which one is transmitted.

ΙThe SW provides measurement capabilities in a very easy way:

Push-button measurements. No need to setup the analyzer manually just

measure.
Automatic limit checks according to the NFC No need to dig into standard documents.
Analog Specification.
Automatic detection of transmission type (NFC- Just measure.
A, NFC-B, NFC-F)
Manual selection of NFC transmission mode Allows to measure a specific transmission mode
in a signal in which all modes are present

Decoding of transmitted bits Adds functional test capabilities

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 23

Test Set-up for Polling Mode
Ι The NFC Forum reference listener is used for tests on NFC mobile phones.
Ι With the R&S®RTO, power level, carrier frequency and modulation waveform can be
checked.
Ι For testing load modulation sensitivity, an appropriate answer signal sent by the NFC
device is generated by the R&S SMBV100 signal generator with ARB capability.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 24

Test Set-up for Listening Mode
І The NFC reference polling device is used for tests on NFC mobile phones in listening
mode (passive card emulation mode).
І Polling signals can be generated with an appropriate RF signal generator with arbitrary
waveform capability like the R&S®SMBV100A.
І By using the Pulse Sequencer Software R&S®SMx–K6, command sequences to
stimulate the NFC mobile phone in passive mode can be generated or modified easily.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 25

Audio / Video

Car entertainment functions play an important role today. Besides FM radio, all common
digital radio and TV standards, including DAB, SDARS, DVB and others, are now inside
vehicles. As a result, the number of antennas on and in a car has also risen.
Rohde & Schwarz provides solutions in this field for standard-compliant generation and
analysis of all conventional radio and TV standards. Our test receivers make it possible to
precisely test and optimize the reception quality of automobile antennas.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 26

Audio / Video
І The R&S BTC offers an automotive solutions for car radio and
entertainment offers test signal generation and DUT analysis in
real time for all common broadcast standards

І It provides automated test sequences in line with recognized

test specifications.

І The measurement capabilities incl. also multiple tuners,

audio/video decoders, A/V interfaces and video displays.

R&S BTC Broadcast Test Center

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 27

Automated Test Sequences
І Performance, logo, pre-compliance and compliance testing to ensure spec-in design.

І Comprehensive minimum performance requirement specification testing

І Reproducible test results and reports

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 28

Car Radio - Audio Testing
Ι FM stereo receivers still represent the majority of audio broadcasting in cars.

Ι Due to the acoustic and tight space conditions in cars the audio frequency range is
split up among several loudspeakers.

Ι The loudspeakers are controlled via separate amplifier channels.

Ι Switching to surround-sound technology as many as 16 loudspeakers and amplifier

channels or more are implemented in modern car sound systems.

Source: Harman.com

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 29

 Car Radio - Audio Testing
Ι The UPP audio analyzer generate a variety of analog and digital audio test signals
incl. coded signals in line with Dolby and DTS standards which can be played back.

Ι Depending on the model, two, four or eight channels are processing in parallel.

Ι Broad scope of measurements incl. S/N, SINAD, THD and crosstalk.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 30

Car Radio - RF Testing
Ι The SMB option Stereo/RDS Coder enables generation of stereo-modulated RF signals.

Ι Beside the MPX signal, also the radio traffic service ARI and RDS are supported.

Ι The SMB offers an internal LF generator, but the stereo/RDS coder also works with
external signals applied to its analog or digital modulation inputs.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 31

Car Radio - RF / Audio Test Set-Up

Both test signal generation and analysis take place in the audio analyzer.
І Optimally timing of the signals
І Short measurement time compared to separately operating instruments.
Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 32
Car Radio: RF / Audio Test Set-Up
Ι For applications where eight measurement channels are not sufficient, up to audio
analyzers can be cascaded to measure up to 48 channels simultaneously.
Ι The master triggers all participating measurement channels which makes also phase
measurements between the channels possible.
Ι With the SCPI recording function remote control programs are generated easy
to control the test set-up via IEC/IEEE, USB or LAN.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 33

In-car TV/Video Systems
Ι The SFU broadcast test system is used as a signal source for wanted TV signal and a
LTE interferer.
Ι The wanted broadcast signal is generated in real time; a transport stream with video and
audio content is modulated and transmitted to the receiver.
Ι The interferer is played with the ARB generator.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 34

Car Antennas
І Due to the increasing number of services more and more car manufacturers are using
innovative technology that can be integrated with the antenna completely invisible.

І But the different positions of the car antennas can not always provide an optimal
functionality. A compromise must be made between the design of the car and the
function of the infotainment devices.

І This makes it important to test the receive level of car antennas in real-world operation.

Source: Fujitsu Source: maxim

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 35

Car Antennas
І The receive level of the car antenna is measured against that of a reference
antenna of known quality which is mounted such that it has optimal receive
conditions.

І Two R&S ETL TV analyzers or two R&S ETC compact TV analyzers are used.
І One analyzer (slave) measures the receive level of the AUT.
І One analyzer (master) measures the receive level of the reference antenna.

І Comparing the receive levels of the reference antenna and the car antenna shows
the cause if reception problems.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 36

Car Antennas
І The master analyzer is connected to an optional GPS receiver so that it can
continuously record the car position.

І The measurements are controlled by R&S Broadcast Drive Test SW. It synchronize
the two analyzers, records the car position data and save all measurement data
incl. time stamp.

І After a drive test, the measurement data are displayed in Google Earth. Areas with
poor reception are easy to recognize.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 37

Test Systems: TS6110 for Infotainment (R&D)
Ι Automatic measurement sequences.
Ι in any order and number w/o changing the test setup..

Ι Modular design.
Ι tailoring the test system to individual needs.

Ι Documentation of test results.

Ι Record of each measurement incl. limit lines analyzed
automatically.

Ι Reproducibility
Ι Test sequences contain all relevant system settings making
the test results traceable and reproducible.

TS6110 with
3 SFE100 generators

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 38

Test Systems: Functionality of TS6110
Analog Digital Mobile radio Audio

FM DAB, DAB+, DMB Navigation Amplifier

AM (MW, LW, KW) HD GPS CD

RDS SDARS XM GSM, G2, G3, CR

G4

TMC SDARS Sirius LTE MPS

TPEG IST Auxiliaries

TMC BT, WLAN MOST

further measurement modules on request

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 39

Test Systems: TS6110 Configuration and Reporting

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 40

Test Systems: ATSI100 for Infotainment (Production)
Ι Testing of all stages of production

Ι Test signals for all purposes

Ι AM, FM generator
Ι DAB, DVB-T, GPS repeater
Ι PAL/NTSC TV generator
Ι Loudspeaker test
Ι Audio analysis
Ι Keyless entry test (ISM)

Ι Remote control via LAN

Ι Self-test functionality

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 41

Test Systems: ATSI100 Block Diagram

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 42

Test Systems: R&S TSVP Open Platform
Ι Open test and measurement platform

Ι 16 peripheral slots, serial-controlled by CAN

Ι Analog measurement bus

Ι TSVP Measurement Modules such as

Ι Analog source and measurement module (TS-PSAM)
Ι In-circuit test extension module (TS-PICT)
Ι Digital functional test module (TS-PDFT)
Ι Arbitrary Waveform and function generator module (TS-PFG)
Ι Analyzer and data acquisition module (TS-PAM)
Ι Switching matrix module (TS_PMB)
Ι Power switching module (TS-PSM1)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 43

Test Systems: TSVP Open Platform for Automotive

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 44

Test Systems: R&S TSVP Open Platform
Analog Analog
Multimeter Signal Digital I/O Power Supply
Waveform Waveform
ICT Routing Communication Load
Generation Acquisition

TS-PSAM TS-PMB TS-PDFT TS-PFG TS-PAM TS-PSU

TS-PICT TS-PSM1 TS-PIO2 TS-PSU12

TS-PSM2 TS-PHDT

TS-PXM1 TS-PIO3B

TS-PSYS

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 45

Drive Assistant Systems

 Car radar

 Car2car/ V2V Communications

 Ecall

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 46

ADAS Systems in Mil. Units 2013 - 2020
per Sensor Class

Source: Freescale

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 47

Automotive Radar Frequency Bands

Frequency Band Bandwidth Range Resolution

24 GHz – 24.25 GHz1 250 MHz 0.6 m
21 GHz – 26 GHz2 5 GHz 0.03 m
76 GHz – 77 GHz 1 GHz 0.15 m
77 GHz – 81 GHz 4 GHz 0.0375 m

122 GHz – 123 GHz1 1 GHz 0.15 m

244 GHz – 246 GHz1 2 GHz 0.075 m

1
ISM
2
until 31.12.2022

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 48

Car radar

Source: TriQuint

Source: Autoliv

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 49

Simultaneous Range and Velocity Measurements
Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (LFMCW)

beat frequency = Doppler frequency – frequency shift due to signal propagation time
For multi target situation
additional chirps with different
slopes are required!

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 50

Accuracy

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 51

Effects of Slow Frequency Deviation

wider fB

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 52

LFMCW Signal Parameters

f
chirp rate
deviation

chirp rate

f chirp length

0 chirp begin chirp end t

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 53

R&S FSW-K60 Transient Analysis

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 54

Spectrogram

short term
distortion

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 55

R&S FSW: 50 MHz RBW and full video bw

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 56

Frequency Extension
Ι The R&S®SMZ family of frequency multipliers for signal generators combines easy
handling and precise, adjustable output levels in the frequency range from 50 GHz to
110 GHz.

Ι The R&S®FS-Zx harmonic mixers extend the frequency range of the R&S®FSW and
FSV(R) spectrum analyzers from 50 GHz to 110 GHz.

Ι With the help of R&S®ZVA-Z Millimeter-Wave Converters the frequency range of R&S
ZVA network analyzers can be extended from 50 GHz to up to 500 GHz.

R&S SMF Signal Generator with R&S SMZ R&S FSV Spectrum Analyzer with R&S ZVA Vector Network Analyzer with
frequency multiplier. R&S FS-Z110 harmonic mixer. R&S ZVA-Z110 frequency converters.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 57

On-Wafer Devices
Ι Positioners for Cascade’s Probe
Stations available.

Ι R&S ZVA compatible to Cascade’s

WinCal XE Software.

Ι No fan for vibration - free measurements

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 58

Material Measurements
Ι The radar sensors are integrated into the car bumper.

Ι Electrical effects: attenuation, reflection and bending of the radar signal.

Ι Therefore „electrical optimization of the complete „system“ is required, i.e.

material measurements on painted car bumpers.
=> Each layer (especially metallic paints) needs to be characterized according
to the thickness, permittivity and tan delta.

visual range bumper

bumper
radar
signal
radar sensors

Source: Daimler

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 59

Material Measurements
Ι The Swiss company Speag offers measurement solutions for
measurements of dielectric parameter of solid, semi-solid and liquid
materials.

Ι Measurement results are shown in different formats (smith chart,

linear chart, log chart).

Ι Frequency range is from 10 MHz to 67 GHz by using different probes

(reflection method).

Ι Dielectric probe calibration is included within the scope of Speag’s

ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation.

Ι Drivers for all R&S vector network analyzers available.

Ι For more information: speag.com

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 60

ITS-9519A Automotive Target Simulator
I Simulation of static and dynamic targets (range & velocity).

I Instantaneous bandwidth of 400 MHz.

I Amplitude control range of 60 dB in 1 dB steps.

I Multi-target capability of max. 4 targets.

I Simulation for static an dynamic targets .

Range & Velocity

DUT
ITS-9510A Target Simulator (OEM)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 61

Automotive Target Simulation
System Architecture

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 62

EMC Testing incl. Automotive Radar

Source: Rohde & Schwarz

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 63
Car2car/ V2V Communications
Ι The car2car technology offers the possibility of exchanging information and data
between two cars to reduce the number of accidents and to improve the traffic flow.

Ι The communication technology is derived from the standard IEEE 802.11(p) and
equivalent to 802.11a

Source: Siemens.com

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 64

Car2car/ V2V Communications

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 65

Car2car/ V2V Communications
Ι A car2car module consists beside others of the following components:
802.11p chip, 2 tx/rx antennas (to avoid package losses), GNSS receiver and CAN /
USB interface.

Source: cohdawireless.com

Ι General T&M Requirements:

Ι Repeatability (not only drive tests)
Ι Generation and Analysis of 2 x 5.9 GHz 11p test signals
Ι PER testing
Ι Multipath simulation (manually; no channel standard available yet)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 66

Car2car/ V2V Communications
Rx Measurements Tx Measurements

R&S SMW Signal Generator R&S FSW Spectrum Analyzer

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 67

Car2car/ V2V Communications
Receiver Tests
ΙReference sensitivity

ΙDynamic Range

ΙBlocking characteristics

ΙIn channel sensitivity

ΙFading impacts

ΙAdjacent channel rejection (ACR)

R&S SMW WLAN Signal generation

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 68

Car2car/ V2V Communications
Receiver Tests under Fading Conditions
ΙIn moving environments, a repeatable real-time fading simulation is needed.

ΙR&S SMW200A applies real-time fading to signals for receiver tests under real-world
fading conditions.

ΙFor 802.11a, b and g, the HiperLan

Fading models are used. For 802.11p
currently no fading model is defined.

ΙR&S SMW200A provides user-defined

fading profiles to modify parameters
such as speed, number of paths and
type of fading.
Configuration of a Fading Scenario

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 69

Car2car/ V2V Communications
Transmitter Tests
To evaluate the WLAN IQ signal generated by
the device under test, the following methods
are provided by the spectrum analyzer:
Bit stream Constellation Diagram

Ι Bit stream
Ι Constellation
Ι Constellation vs. Carrier
Ι EVM vs. Carrier / Chip / Symbol Magnitude Capture Buffer

Ι FFT Spectrum
Ι Group Delay
Ι Magnitude Capture
Ι PvT full PPDU
Global Result Summary

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 70

Car2car/ V2V Communications
Transmitter Tests
To evaluate the WLAN RF signal generated by
the device under test, the following frequency
Sweep measurements are provided:
ACLR Measurement Result

Ι Channel Power ACLR

Ι Spectrum Emission Mask
Ι Occupied Bandwidth
Ι CCDF SEM Measurement Results

Occupied Bandwidth Measurement Result

CCDF Measurement Result

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 71

Car2car/ V2V Communications

R&S CMW500

802.11 p Tx Measurements
with CMW-KM655*
in Class A/B/C/D

*also for R&S CMW270

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 72

R&S TS ITS-100
Ι For automated performance tests

Ι Consists of
Ι R&S SMW200A Vector Signal Generator
Ι R&S FSV/W Signal and Spectrum Analyzer
Ι R&S OSP-ITS Antenna Switch / Combiner + Filter
Ι R&S NRP-Z81 Power Meter for Calibration

Ι optional
Ι R&S SMBV100A Satellite Simulator
Ι R&S NGMO Power Supply

R&S OSP-ITS

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 73

eCall / ERA-Glonass
Ι In the near future new vehicles will be equipped with an in-vehicle emergency call service
which shall be mandatory in the European Community in 2017 (in Russia 2015) onwards.

Ι When an accident occurs, the eCall system transfers a minimum set of data (MSD – e.g. time,
exact location, etc.) via the mobile voice channel to the local emergency medical services.

Ι An eCall system consists of a dedicated GSM module, a GPS receiver, crash sensors, a
microphone, a loudspeaker and a push button for manual activation of eCall.

eCall data
transfer principle

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 74

eCall / ERA-Glonass

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 75

eCall / ERA-Glonass Module Test Set-up

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 76

eCall / ERA-Glonass Module Test
Ι The R&S eCall Application SW emulates a PSAP and remotely controls the R&S CMW (or
CMU200) radio communication tester that simulates the cellular network.

Ι For testing the GNSS interface and the transmission of the position information the R&S
SMBV100A signal generator is used.

Ι The major advantage of this solution are the repeatable test results which can not be ensured in
a live network

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 77

eCall / ERA-Glonass Receiver Tests
Ι For testing GPS and GSM receivers of eCall systems normally, two separate instruments are
needed: a GPS satellite simulator and a GSM signal generator.

Ι The R&S SMBV100A vector signal generator enables both GPS and GSM signal generation in one
box and is therefore ideally suited for testing eCall components.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 78

Navigation: GNSS
Ι The navigation system is usually integrated along with the stereo, CD-player and a
television tuner.
Ι The receivers require signals from min. 4 (of 24) satellites to determine the position and
the speed of a vehicle.
Ι Simulations in the lab reproduces the signals and effects a receiver sees in the real
world.
Ι Different scenarios (varying number of satellites, satellite power, geographic location,
environmental conditions, fading, etc.) are used to perform the tests.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 79

GNSS – Test Requirements
Ι Production sensitivity tests with 1 static satellite (static mode)
Ι Test tracking capability for any satellite PRN under varying Doppler shift, power, and
delay settings (static mode)
Ι Time To First Fix (TTFF) under cold, warm or hot start conditions
Ι Location accuracy (relative and absolute location accuracy, moving location accuracy)
Ι Sensitivity (acquisition sensitivity, tracking sensitivity)
Ι Reacquisition time
Ι Interference / Multipath testing
Ι Testing under varying ionosphere and tropospheric conditions
Ι Standard conform A-GPS conformance tests

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 80

R&S SMBV GNSS Simulation
Ι Flexible scenario generation incl. moving
scenarios.
Ι GNSS signal generation in real time.
Ι Unlimited simulation time with automatic, on-
the-fly exchange of satellites.
Ι R&S SMBV Signal Generator
Receiver testing under real-world conditions.
Ι Support of Assisted GPS (A-GPS) test cases.
Ι Support of GPS P Code.
Ι Support of digital communication and radio
standards in the same instrument.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 81

 R&S SMBV GNSS Simulation
Ι Multipath propagation occurs when the signal reaches the
receiving antenna by two or more different paths.

Ι It is caused by reflection and diffraction of the original

signal from buildings, mountains, trees…

Ι Multipath conditions can result in degraded location

accuracy, degraded TTFF or degraded reacquisition time
of the receiver.

Ι The SMBV100A supports the definition of multipath

scenarios for each satellite.

Ι Channel budget:
Ι 24 channels for GPS
Ι 12 channels for Galileo
Ι 12 to 24 for hybrid constellations
To simulate multipath propagation R&S SMBV100A supports
separate multipath scenarios for each satellite.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 82

Stolen Vehicle Tracking (SVT)
Ι Telematic Control Units (TCU) enable the location and the immobilization of stolen
vehicles.
Ι It is adjusted to comply with international and national regulations.
Ι From official servers not only the GSM tracking function for each registered vehicles can
be activated via GSM / GPRS but also actors to block e.g. the engine of the stolen
vehicle.

(source: i2ko.com)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 83

Electro-Magnetic Interferences

1. Electro-Magnetic 2. Interference 3. EMI

Capabilities Hunting Debugging
EMC test equipment from Rohde Due to the increasing number of EMI Debugging with using an
& Schwarz determine the causes wireless standards used inside oscilloscope and/or spectr.
and effects of electro-magnetic the car cabin solutions for analyzer helps to save time and
interference. Decades of interference hunting are required money before complex
experience in the field of EMC by car manufacturers as well. compliance testing at an EMC
measurements has made us the chamber is carried out.
world's market leader.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 84

EMC: R&S ESR EMI Test Receiver
Ι The R&S ESR is compliant to basic standard
CISPR16-1-1 Ed. 3.1 for certification testing within a frequency
range between 10 Hz and 3.6, 7 or 26.5 GHz.
R&S ESR
EMI Test Receiver
Ι With its FFT-based Time Domain Scan it is one of the fastest
EMI test receiver on the market, and provides unique
diagnostic tools with the optional real-time spectrum
analysis.

Ι The spectrogram function seamlessly records the spectrum Time Domain Scan : conducted
over time for hours. tests can be done in
seconds.

Ι Frequency mask trigger function reacts on specific events in

the spectrum, and the persistence mode allows to clearly
differentiate between broadband and narrowband disturbance
signals.
Persistence mode: Interferers
become visible.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 85

EMC: R&S ESR - Measurement Speed
Frequency Weighting detector; Measurement times
range dwell time; IF bandwidth; step of R&S ESR
width for stepped scan (SS)
and Time Domain Scan (TD)

Conventional Stepped Optional Time Domain

Frequency Scan Scan
CISPR Band B Pk; 10 ms; 9 kHz; 82 s 0.11 s
150 kHz to 30 MHz SS: 4 kHz, TD: 2.25 kHz (745 times faster)
CISPR Band B QP, 1 s, 9 kHz approx. 3.8 h 2s
150 kHz to 30 MHz SS: 4 kHz, TD: 2.25 kHz (6 940 times faster)

CISPR Bands C/D Pk, 10 ms, 120 kHz 114 s 0.99 s

30 to 1000 MHz SS: 40 kHz, TD: 30 kHz (115 times faster)
CISPR Bands C/D Pk, 10 ms, 9 kHz 3 693 s 1.08 s
30 to 1000 MHz SS: 4 kHz, TD: 2.25 kHz (3 420 times faster)
CISPR Bands C/D QP, 1 s, 120 kHz approx. 10 h 80 s
30 to 1000 MHz SS: 40 kHz, TD: 30 kHz (450 times faster)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 86

EMC: Benefits of Time Domain Scan
Especially in automotive industries measurement speed is a crucial factor!

1. Many devices can be operated only during a short of time because

extended operation might be destructive (e.g. engine starter).
Source: Nissan
2. or their operating cycle calls for high speed
(e.g. electric window regulators).

3. or when DUTs change their behavior very fast

(fluctuating or drifting disturbances).

With using the extremely fast Time Domain Scan, such scenarios can
be handled much easier!

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 87

EMC: R&S ESU EMI Test Receiver
Ι The R&S ESU is compliant to CISPR16-1-1 standard for
certification testing within a
frequency range between 20 Hz and 8, 26.5 or 40 GHz.
R&S ESU
Ι The R&S ESU is best in terms of RF specifications like EMI Test Receiver

sensitivity, dynamic range, selectivity and inherent spurious.

Ι The FFT-based Time Domain Scan option allows users to
perform overview measurements up to 1000 times faster
than with conventional EMI test receivers.
Ι The IF analysis provides a convenient way of tuning the IF analysis mode

receiver to the exact signal frequency, of identifying signals and

assessing their bandwidth.
Ι The ESU includes automatic and interactive measurement
functions, parallel IF analysis and up to three detectors in
parallel including AVG, RMS and APD. The measurement report can be checked
by means of the preview function.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 88

EMC: R&S ESRP EMI Test Receiver
Ι Fastest EMI test receiver with FFT-based Time Domain Scan in
the pre-compliance class.
Ι For pre-certification testing within a frequency range between R&S ESRP
10 Hz and 3.6 or 7 GHz. EMI Test Receiver

Ι Compliant to latest CISPR 16-1-1 Ed. 3 Amend. 1 for

intermitting disturbance signals down to 10 Hz PRF with pre-
selection / preamp option (R&S ESRP-B2).
Ι IF analysis and spectrogram function ideally support EMC IF Analysis mode: Detailed
diagnostic testing. evaluation of disturbance signals

Ι High quality spectrum analyzer included with separate EMI

application mode.
Ι Easy, intuitive operation with touch screen.
Spectrogram: Clear evaluation of
intermitting, fluctuating and
sporadic disturbances

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 89

EMC: Benefits of pre-compliance Tests

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 90

EMC: CISPR News
Ι New editions of CISPR 12 on protection of off-board receivers and
CISPR 25 on protection of on-board receivers are expected in 2014.

Ι In both standards the references to the basic standard series CISPR 16 will be
updated to make FFT-based receivers like the R&S®ESR and R&S®ESU
applicable for EMI compliance measurements.

Ι Measurements in charging mode of electric and hybrid vehicles if the

charger is part of the vehicle will be added
| Charger – Conducted emission acc. to CISPR 14-1
| Vehicle – Radiated emission acc. to CISPR 12
| Vehicle – Voltage at internal antenna acc. to CISPR 25
| The measurements shall be performed in
engine off mode and all other equipment
shall be switched off 4 = AMN
| Connection to public AC Power Grid is simulated 5 = Power Mains

via 50 µH//50  AMN like R&S ENV216 or ENV4200 Example of test setup for vehicle with plug
located on vehicle side acc. to CISPR 25

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 91

 EMC: EMS Accessories

R&S®OSP120

R&S®OSP150
R&S®BBA100 R&S®BBA150
R&S®OSP130
The R&S®®BBA100 / BBA150 is a family of modular,
flexible, state-of-the-art broadband amplifiers. The The modular R&S®OSP open switch and control
monitoring and control options allow the setup of very platform can be used to perform RF switch and control
compact systems with a total range from 9 kHz to 6 GHz. tasks in complex EMC systems.

R&S®HL046E R&S®HF907 R&S®HL562

The High Gain Log-Periodic The Double-Ridged Waveguide The ULTRALOG R&S®HL562
Antenna R&S®HL046E offers Horn Antenna R&S®HF907 is a combines the characteristics of a
excellent broadband characteristics compact broadband Tx and Rx biconical and a log-periodic antenna
from 80 MHz to 3000 MHz. antenna from 0.8 GHz to 18 GHz. from 30 MHz to 3 GHz.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 92

Test Systems: EMC Standard Overview

EMC Standards
for Vehicles and ESA
(Electronic Sub Assemblies)

ISO / CISPR

USA Europe China Japan

SAE 2004 / 104 / EEC GB… JASO

Car Manufacturers

MB TL B21 etc.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 93

Test Systems: EMC Standard Overview
Manufacturer International Europe USA Asia
GM 3097 Rev. 3 CISPR 12 2004/104/EEC SAE J551 China
ESA Vehicle Vehicle and ESA Vehicle concerns EMI Vehicle and ESA
concerns - EMC concerns – EMI concerns EMI + EMS + EMS Concerns EMI
VW: TL … ISO 11451 SAE J1113 Japan
ESA Vehicle ESA Vehicle and ESA
concerns – EMC concerns – EMS concerns EMI + EMS concerns EMI + EMS
PSA: B21 7090 ISO 10605 .
Vehicle and ESA Vehicle and ESA .
concerns – EMC concerns – ESD .
FIAT: 9.90110 ISO 11452
Vehicles and ESA ESA
concerns – EMC concerns – EMS
. CISPR 25
. ESA
concerns – EMI
BMW GS95002 ISO 7637
Vehicle and ESA ESA
concerns - EMC conducted pulses

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 94

Test Systems: EMI - Requirements
Test Items Vehicle Level Component Level R&S Solution
CISPR 12 CISPR 25

(30 MHz – 1 GHz) (0.15 MHz-2.5 GHz)
SAE J551-2/3/4 SAE J1113-41
Radiated Emission 
(10 kHz-1 GHz) (0.15 MHz-1 GHz)
2004/104/EC 2004/104/EC

(20 MHz-1 GHz) (20 MHz-1 GHz)
CISPR 25

(0.15 MHz-108 MHz)
Conducted Emission
SAE J1113-41

(0.15 MHz-108 MHz)
Voltage at Vehicle CISPR 25

Receiver Antenna (0.15 MHz-2.5 GHz)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 95

Test Systems: EMI
I The R&S®TS9975 is the base system for conducted (from
0.15 MHz to 30 MHz) and radiated (from 30 MHz to 40
GHz) EMI measurements.

Ι It is compliance with automotive, commercial, military and

wireless standards

Ι The Test software R&S®EMC32 offers a common user

interface for EMI and EMS measurements.

Ι With the Graphical operating

concept it allows the configuring
of the instruments and the measurements
of the system under test systems.

R&S EMC32: display during

measurement of
Disturbance field strength

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 96

Test Systems: EMS
Ι The R&S®TS9982 is the base system for conducted and
radiated EMS measurements.

Ι It is compliance with automotive, commercial, military and

wireless standards

Ι The Test software R&S®EMC32 offers a common user

interface for EMI and EMS measurements.

Ι With the Graphical operating

concept it allows the configuring
of the instruments and the measurements
of the system under test systems.

R&S EMC32: display during

measurement of
Disturbance field strength

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 97

Test Systems: EMS
Ι The R&S®TS9982 consists of an EMS control unit, one or more amplifiers, converters for
conducted measurements, antennas for radiated measurements, and a field probe.
Ι The system is fully computer-controlled, which makes reproducible and fully automatic test
sequences possible.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 98

Interference Hunting
l Due to the number of wireless standards used inside the vehicle interferences between
different signals becomes more and more a huge issue for car manufactures.
l Such signal collisions reduce the data throughput of BT, WLAN, LTE, tec.

l To overcome this problems sensitive spectrum analyzers with real-time functionally are
required which are usually connected at the already installed car antennas.

eCall, car2car

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 99

In-car Scenarios
ı Wireless connection is standard in modern cars

ı All passengers have at least one mobile device

 Bluetooth switched on
 WLAN switched on
 Tablets are connected via WLAN
 Gaming between terminals/mobiles

ı Interference from 802.11p, 3G, LTE, ….

ı All inside a Faraday cage (Reflections)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 100

Interference Hunting: Real-time Analysis
l Interference caused by sporadic and brief events.

l The R&S®FSVR combines a full-featured signal and

spectrum analyzer with a real-time spectrum analyzer.

l In real-time operation, the R&S®FSVR seamlessly

measures and displays the spectrum in the time domain Probability density function to see the unseen .

with a span of up to 40 MHz. Power Level

l As a result, it captures every event for analysis, no matter

how brief that event might be.

Time
Frequency
Spectrogram: gapless display in the time
domain for observing hopping signals.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 101

Interference Hunting
l The R&S FSVR spectrum analyzer is connected Unwanted interferer W-LAN Bluetooth
to the infotainment antennas of the vehicle.
l The persistence mode of the analyzer visualize
the different signals like W-LAN or BT and
unwanted interferer.
l The color of the traces shows how often a signal
occurs at a specific frequency and level.

Simplified set-up for interference hunting using

R&S FSVR and a car antenna. Nowadays up to
24 antennas are place on and in a vehicle.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 102

Interference Hunting: Rec. & Re-Play of Life Signals

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 103

EMI Debugging: Applications for Oscilloscopes
l With a powerful FFT analysis function and excellent noise performance high
performance oscilloscopes are an interesting alternative for EMI debugging.

l Before the compliance testing at an EMC lab, simple debugging of EMI problems
in R&D increase the probability of a successful compliance test significantly to
saves time and money.

R&S RTO: emissions captured with a near-field probe

close to the switched mode power supply Oscilloscope
(top: time domain, bottom: frequency domain)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 104

EMI Debugging: Benefits using Oscilloscopes
l Capture intermittent events with stop-on-mask-violation in frequency domain
l But, also time-domain trigger can help

l Analyze in frequency domain after capturing (changing RBW, etc.)

l Time-frequency correlation analysis (FFT gating)

l Discover cause of emission in time signal

l Flexible and easy-to-use FFT

l Use it like a spectrum analyzer

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 105

EMI Debugging: Equipment for Oscilloscopes
R&S®RTO

Near-field sniffer
Probes R&S®HZ-15
E- and H-field

30 MHz – 1 GHz
Can be used down to 100 kHz

Optional:
R&S®HZ-16
Preamplifier

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 106

Brushless DC Motors

A Brushless DC Motor has:

A rotor with permanent magnets and a stator with
windings
A BLDC motor is essentially a DC motor turned
inside out
Brushes and commutator have been eliminated and
the windings are connected to the control electronics
Control electronics replace the function of the
commutator and energize the proper winding
Windings are energized in a pattern which rotates
around the stator
The energized stator winding leads the rotor magnet
and switches just as the rotor aligns with the stator

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 107

(EMI) Debugging

General debugging Power supply

HAMEG HMP & HM8143, R&S NGMO
R&S RTM and HAMEG HMO Oscilloscopes
Signal validation Power supplies
Logic analysis
Protocol decoding: CAN, LIN, I2C, SPI, RS-232
Component Validation
HAMEG Multimeters HAMEG LCR Bridge/Meter
Voltage, current, resistance and temperature L, C, R, |Z|, X, |Y|, G, B, D, Q, Φ, Δ, M, N measurements
measurements

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 108

In-Vehicle Networks
Multimedia Network Standard

SENT Engine control

Single Edge Nibble
Transmission
Smart Sensor
Communication

Diagnostic protocol
for workshops.
Multi-camera
Panorama View
Source: Renesas

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 109

In-Vehicle Networks
Ι CAN is the current standard protocol controlling e.g. mm-wave radar, engine, brake
and seat belt control.

Ι LIN is a single master protocol to achieve a superior cost-performance ratio e.g.

for door (=> RKE), light and door mirror control.

Ι Flexray is a high-speed communication protocol for x-by-wire systems.

Ι Ethernet is used as a diagnostic protocol for engine, chassis and body

electronic connection control units.

Ι MOST is the standard for vehicle multimedia networks designed for high-quality
audio, video and data transfer.

Ι SENT is a unidirectional protocol supporting communications from smart sensors

(position sensor, pressure sensor) to the control units (ECU).

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 110

Bus Overview
LIN CAN FlexRay SENT

Development LIN Consortium Bosch FR Consortium

2002 - 2011 1986-1991 2000 – 2010
Standard SAE J2602 ISO 11898 SAE J2716

Physical Itf. single-wire differential 2 x differential 3 wires

5V, GND, SENT

Bit Rate < 20 kbit/s < 1 Mbit/s < 10 Mbit/s 30 kbit/s

Fault Tolerance low medium high

Communication Single master, Multi-master, Schedule & point2point

schedule event-driven event-driven, asynchrony,
TDMA no bus
Performance ** **** ***** **

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 111

T&M Requirements
Ι More than 70 controllers are implemented in a vehicle connected via different
in-vehicle LANs for exchanging information and coordinating control.

Ι Requirements are on debugging at protocol level (physical and link layer).

Ι Measurement of

Ι Rise/fall time

Ι Signal level

Ι Glitches (spikes)

Ι Runs (half levels)

Ι Content.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 112

CAN/LIN Bus Analysis
Ι R&S RTM and R&S RTO provide with they K3
option analysis and trigger of CAN/LIN.

Ι Trigger on specific address and data contents.

Ι HW based decoding to ensure responsiveness

R&S RTM Oscilloscope
of the instrument and high update rates.

Ι Flexible display of decoded data

Ι Label lists to show decoded names like

„brakes“ or „windscreen wiper“ instead of the
numerical device address.

Decoding of CAN data

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 113

FlexRay Bus Analysis
Ι R&S RTO provides with it‘s K4 option analysis
and trigger of Flexray.

Ι Trigger on specific address and data contents.

Ι HW-based trigger system provides high

acquisition rates to ensure fast debugging. R&S RTO Oscilloscope

Ι Flexible display of decoded data

Ι Label lists to show decoded names like

„brakes“ or „windscreen wiper“ instead of the
numerical device address.

R&S RTO-K4: Decoding of FlexRay data

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 114

BroadR-Reach Compliance Testing

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 115

Ethernet: BroadR-Reach® - Automotive
l BroadR-Reach® is derived from 100BASE-T for automotive applications
l BroadR-Reach® is two-wired, bi-directional communication at 100 Mbps
l The transmission frequency is 66 MHz
l BroadR-Reach® runs on standard FlexRay cabling

l BroadR-Reach® is a very new standard for

Automotive Applications

l Used for high speed communication

in e.g. video-streaming of rear
view camera
l Standardized by the OPEN alliance
(www.openSIG.org)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 116

Ethernet: BroadR-Reach® - Compliance Tests
l All Compliance tests are based on special test
modes that all chipsets have to support. These
have to be set in registers via a chipset
programming tool.

l BroadR-Reach® tests need disturbing signals 

HAMEG HMF2550 or Tabor WX2182B
signal generator

l BroadR-Reach® return loss measurement needs

VNA with < 1 MHz starting frequency (e.g. ZVL3)

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 117

R&S Ethernet Compliance Test Solutions
One Test Suite and One Fixture for all

l 10/100/1000BASE-T, 10GBASE-T
and BroadR-Reach® Ethernet
compliance testing with one
R&S®ScopeSuite software and with
one test fixture
l Dedicated software options for the
various standards

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 118

R&S®ScopeSuite Compliance Test Software(I)
Easy-to-Use Test Wizard

Easy-to-use test wizard

- You don´t need to be an expert
to run the test

High level of test automation

for fast results

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 119

R&S®ScopeSuite Compliance Test Software (II)
Flexible Test Execution

l Individual test selection

l Limit editor

l Redo of test

l Step-by-step test run

l Result window with pass/fail

indication

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 120

Remote Keyless Entry
Ι Controls access to a vehicle without using a traditional mechanical key.

Ι Can include both a remote keyless entry system (RKE), which unlocks the doors,
and a remote keyless ignition system (RKI), which starts the engine.

Ι Most RKEs operate at a frequency of 315 MHz for North America-made cars and
at 433.92 MHz for European, Japanese and Asian cars using ASK or FSK
modulated data telegram.

Typical structure of a data

telegram (12 bytes)
Source: R&S
Source: maxim

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 121

Remote Keyless Entry
Ι For generating and analyzing modulated data telegrams for
RKE applications an ASK / FSK source and an ASK / FSK
demodulator are required.
R&S SMBV Signal Generator
Ι The R&S SMBV vector signal generator e.g. generates
ASK / FSK modulated signals from 1 MHz to 3.2 GHz.

Ι The R&S FSL spectrum analyzer e.g. demodulates RKE

signals with using the option FM measurement demodulator
R&S FS-K7 (which incl. also ASK/FSK). R&S FSL Spectrum Analyzer

Ι Important analysis parameters are:

Ι Frequency and signal level
Ι Spurious
Ι Frequency Deviation
Ι Power vs. Time
Demodulated data telegram with the FM
Measurement Demodulator R&S FS-K7.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 122

Test Systems: TPMS
Ι An electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires
on various types of vehicles. .

Ι Direct TPMS employ pressure sensors on each tire, either

internal or external.

Ι The sensors physically measure the tire pressure in each tire Source: tirediscounters.com
and report it to the instrument cluster or a corresponding monitor,
sometimes also the temperature inside the tire.

Ι Indirect TPMS do not use physical pressure sensors but measure air pressures by
monitoring individual wheel rotational speeds and other signals available outside
of the tire itself.

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 123

Test Systems: TPMS/RKE
Ι The R&S®TS7810 RF test system covers develop-
ment, production tests and quality assurance of
devices such as tire pressure sensors or remote
keyless entry products.

Ι The test system will be tailored for the specific

requirements of the end-users according to their test
protocols.

R&S FSL

IEC/IEEE

R&S TS7810 Test System

R&S TSVP

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 124

Ethernet HW Encryption

Central
Backup Datacenter Data Center

R&S®SITLine ETH40G 2x 10 Gbit/s Leased Line R&S®SITLine ETH40G

Manufacturing site

Sales subsidiary
2x R&S SITLine ETH1G
®

R&S®SITLine ETH1G

R&D locations

R&S®SITLine ETH1G

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 125

R&S SITLine ETH with 40 Gbit/s

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 126

R&S SITLine ETH 10G/40G
R&S®SITLine ETH10G
ı Certified 1× 10 GbE (10 Gbit/s) optical or electric

l BSI certificate for Germany and NATO

l Common Criteria EAL4+ Certification (pending)
l FIPS140-2 compliant
R&S®SITLine ETH40G
4× 10 GbE (10 Gbit/s) optical

ı Maximum Flexibility
l Optical and electrical 10 Gigabit Ethernet
l Leased Lines (Dark Fiber) and switched networks
independent of network protocol R&S®SITLine ETH40G
4× 10 GbE (10 Gbit/s) electrical
(iSCSI, FCoE, FCoIP)
l Simple integration in existing network management
systems using Syslog and SNMP
l Models for Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/s), 1 Gigabit
Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet R&S®SITLine ETH10G/ETH40G
Hot-swap power, ventilation and battery

Q1 / 2015 GF-MG cw T&M for Automotive 127