ARTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Art or “Sining” is defined as the different
manners of expressing human skills and
imagination in the creation of aesthetic conditions,
objects and presentations.
• Art is not confined only to what is seen. Art
involves the use of all the physical senses in order
to appreciate it.
• Philippines has diverse art forms from its different
regions.
• These diverse art forms, when integrated, give a
clear picture of how abundant the culture and
tradition of the Philippines is.
3 MAJOR TRADITION
1. Ethnic Tradition
2. Spanish Colonial Tradition
3. American Colonial and Contemporary Arts
Tradition
ETHNIC TRADITION
• Art forms are primarily influenced by the
geographical location and the experiences of the
Filipinos (Luzviminda & Sayseng, 2016).
• In this time, the purpose of arts is integral to life.
Arts reflected the pagan beliefs and practices,
everyday activity such as fishing and farming, and
specific decorative art pattern to the community.
ETHNIC TRADITION
Angono Petroglyphs
The Angono Petroglyphs is
situated in Binangonan, Rizal.
It was discovered by the
National Artist, Carlos
“Botong” Francisco, in 1965.
There are 127 human and
animal figures engraved on
the rock wall and dated back
to circa late Neolithic.
ETHNIC TRADITION
Manunggul Jar
Manunggul jar is found in
Manunggul Cave, Lipuun
Point, Palawan in the early
1960s. Manunggul jar is a
burial jar which signifies
the belief of early Filipino
in life after death.
ETHNIC TRADITION
Banga
Banga literally means
pots. The Banga or pot
dance is a performance of
Kalinga of the Mountain
Province of the Philippines.
This dance shows the
elegant grace of Igorot
tribe and the skill and
strength of women.
SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION
• Art forms were primarily influenced by
religion and secularization.
• In this time, Spaniards used arts to
propagate the Catholic faith.
SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION
Langit, lupa, at Impyerno
by Josef Luciano Dans
This wall painting by Josef
Luciano Dans will be found in
St. James the Apostle Church in
Paete, Laguna. This painting
was dated 1850 and depicts
the heaven, crucifixion of
Christ; earth, Adan and Eve;
and hell, sinners with different
transgressions.
SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION
St. Paul Metropolitan
Cathedral
St. Paul Metropolitan
Cathedral is located in
Burgos, Vigan City, Ilocos
Sur. The original structure
was built in 1574 and
replaced as a church in
1641. The cathedral follows
a Baroque architectural
design.
AMERICAN COLONIAL AND
CONTEMPORARY ARTS
TRADITION
Modern Art
Modern art refers to the practice of art from 1860s
to 1960s. the main theme of art works in this time
is national identity.
AMERICAN COLONIAL AND CONTEMPORARY ARTS TRADITION
The Making of the
Philippine Flag
by Fernando Amorsolo
• This painting was made by
Fernando Amorsolo, “Grand
Old Man of Philippine Art”
and born in Manila. It shows
a reminder of the reminder
of traditions and customs of
the Filipino.
AMERICAN COLONIAL AND CONTEMPORARY ARTS TRADITION
Bayanihan
by Carlos “Botong” Francisco
Carlos “Botong” Francisco was
born in Ango, Rizal. This
painting by him was dated in
1962. This mural painting of
Carlos “Botong” Francisco
shows the Filipino’s bayanihan
tradition. This also shows the
distinctive style of Francisco’s
painting that showcased his
mastery in arts.
AMERICAN COLONIAL AND
CONTEMPORARY ARTS
TRADITION
Contemporary Arts
Contemporary art refers to the practice of art from
1970s to the present. Contemporary arts mirror
contemporary culture and society. Diverse and
emerging art practices were being introduced in
this era.
AMERICAN COLONIAL AND CONTEMPORARY ARTS TRADITION
Cinco Marias (Tres
Marias Series)
by Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
Federico Aguilas Alcuaz was
born in Santa Cruz, Manila.
Cinco Marias (Tres Marias
Series) depicts the variety
of domestic activities
(Guillermo, 2007).
AMERICAN COLONIAL AND CONTEMPORARY ARTS TRADITION
Art Installation in Sand
Dunes of Paoay
by Leeroy New
Leeroy New is one of the
Philippines contemporary artists.
He is born in General SANTOS
City. This art installation of
Leeroy New was made for the La
Milagrosa Festival in Ilocos Norte.
According to Leeroy New, the art
installation symbolizes the great
(Lape𝑛̃a, 2012).
festivals, feasts and celebrations
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
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ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Space
In visual arts, space pertains
to emptiness which may either
be positive space or negative
space. Positive space refers to
a part which is enclosed in a
shape, while negative space
refers to the opposite part
which the shape is enclosing.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Line
In visual arts, a line is a series of
connected points. It may come in two
characteristics: form – curved, dotted, or
broken lines; and direction – vertical,
horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different
types of lines may convey different
meanings. For example, a horizontal line
usually suggests calmness, vert ical lines
may convey strength, diagonal lines
create an impression of action, curved
lines create an expression of gradual
change of direction, and circular line may
pertain an abrupt change of direction.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Shape and Form
Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line
or lines. Shapes are two dimensional
figures with height and width. There are
different kinds of shapes and these are
geometric shapes (triangle, squares,
rectangle, etc.), organic shapes (shapes
found in nature, e.g. shape of a leaf or
cloud), abstract shapes (asymmetrical and
free flowing shapes). Meanwhile, forms are
three dimensional figures. Its dimensions
are height, width, and volume. Unlike
shapes, it has more depth.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Color
• In visual arts, color is
associated with the natural
phenomenon in our
environment. Scientifically,
when a light passes through a
prism, it will produce different
hues of different wavelengths.
These colors may pertain to
lightness, darkness, coolness,
or warmth.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Value
• In visual arts, value is considered a property of a
color which pertains to its lightness or darkness.
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
Texture
• In visual arts, texture is the element that
appeals to our sense of feel on things,
rough, smooth, bumpy, or slippery. It
pertains to the surface of an art piece.
PRINCIPLE OF ARTS
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PRINCIPLE OF ARTS
Proportion
Proportion refers to the relationship of the size of
elements in a body of art. For example, when
drawing a human standing beside a house, it is
important to ensure that the size of the human is
proportional to the size of the house.
PRINCIPLE OF ARTS
Harmony
In visual arts, harmony is the unity of the
artwork, specifically about the arrangement
of the related elements.
PRINCIPLE OF ARTS
Variety
In other terms, variety may be referred to as
diversity. This means adding multiple, different
elements to break the monotony of an artwork
and make it more interesting.
PRINCIPLE OF ARTS
Movement
In arts, movement is the illusion of motion
in a painting, sculpture design, or in a piece
of art.
PRINCIPLE OF ARTS
Rhythm
This refers to the repetition of certain elements to
produce a pattern. In visual arts, repeated design
elements may create a certain flow and may lead the
viewer’s eyes.
PRINCIPLE OF ARTS
Balance
Balance refers to the even and equal
distribution of elements.
PRINCIPLE OF ARTS
Emphasis
Emphasis is a principle which may refer to the
greater impact given on a certain element.
GENERALIZATION
1. Art or “Sining” is defined as different manners of expressing human skills and
imagination in the creation of aesthetic conditions, objects and presentations.
2. In Ethnic Tradition, art forms are primarily influenced by the geographical
location and the experiences of the Filipinos (Luzviminda & Sayseng, 2016).
3. In Spanish Colonial Tradition, art forms were primarily influenced by religion and
secularization.
4. Modern art refers to the practice of art from 1860s to 1960s. The main theme of
art works in this time is national identity.
5. Contemporary art refers to the practice of art from 1970s to the present.
Contemporary arts mirror contemporary culture and society.
6. The elements and principles of art is important not just to the artist but also to
the viewer, to have a deeper understanding of an artwork.
7. The elements of art are space, line, shape, form, color, value, and texture.
8. The principles of art are proportion, harmony, variety, movement, rhythm,
balance, and emphasis.
