DIABETES CARE TASKS AT SCHOOL
What Key Personnel Need To Know
TYPE 2 DIABETES
GOAL:
Optimal
Student Health
and Learning
All staff members should have
basic knowledge of diabetes
and know who to contact for
help.
DIABETES CARE TASKS AT SCHOOL
Type 2 Diabetes
While type 2 diabetes often presents in adults, type 2 diabetes can develop at
any age
The incidence of type 2 diabetes in youth has increased in the past 20 years
with approximately 5,000 new cases yearly and increasing by 2.3% annually
Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease marked by a condition called insulin
resistance whereby the cells do not respond to insulin properly
Over time, the pancreas loses its ability to make enough insulin to control
blood glucose (blood sugar) levels after meals, overnight, or during periods of
fasting
Management of type 2 diabetes in students is required
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DIABETES CARE TASKS AT SCHOOL
Symptoms
Extreme fatigue, Unexplained weight Sometimes youth do
increased thirst, loss and blurred vision, not have symptoms or
increased urination, acanthosis nigricans symptoms are mild at
feeling hungry, blurry (darken, thick, velvety diagnosis
vision. skin) an around neck,
armpits, or groin area
Not all youth with
acanthosis nigricans
have type 2 diabetes
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DIABETES CARE TASKS AT SCHOOL
Risk Factors for Developing
Type 2 Diabetes
Genetics/family history of type 2 diabetes
Diet containing excessive calories leading to excessive weight gain
Sedentary lifestyle/inactivity
Mother who had diabetes during pregnancy
High blood pressure, high cholesterol, abnormal lipid levels, poly cystic
ovarian syndrome
Certain racial and ethnic groups are observed to have at a higher incidence of
type 2 diabetes include: African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian,
Alaska natives, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific
Islanders
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DIABETES CARE TASKS AT SCHOOL
Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Increasing
activity if
sedentary (one
Losing weight if Taking Managing
hour of
necessary medications as glucose in
physical
and/or prescribed, target range Eating healthy
activity/day is
managing a which may determined by
recommended
healthy weight include insulin DMMP
for all youth),
regardless of
diabetes
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DIABETES CARE TASKS AT SCHOOL
Management of Type 2 Diabetes in the
School Setting
Management varies and may include lifestyle interventions, oral medications,
and/or injectable medications including insulin
Some students may require blood glucose monitoring with a blood glucose
meter and/or a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and medication
administration at school
Students with type 2 diabetes who require monitoring or treatment at school
should have a DMMP with instructions for management if blood glucose levels
are too low or too high
Some students may need guidance on choosing healthy food and the
appropriate level of physical activity
Social/emotional support | 7
DIABETES CARE TASKS AT SCHOOL
Urgent Needs of Students with
Type 2 Diabetes
Student may be
at risk for
Proceed with the
Student may be hyperglycemia
treatment of
at risk for (high blood Urgent medical
hypoglycemia
hypoglycemia glucose), evaluation may
and
(low blood ketones, and be needed if DKA
hyperglycemia as
glucose) if taking diabetic is suspected
per the student’s
insulin ketoacidosis
DMMP
(DKA) if
uncontrolled
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DIABETES CARE TASKS AT SCHOOL
Healthy Meal Planning
Although there usually are no forbidden foods for people with diabetes,
students are advised to avoid “liquid carbs,” such as sugar-containing soda
and juices unless treating hypoglycemia
Many students with type 2 diabetes follow a meal plan designed to help them
with diabetes and weight management
These students may be prescribed a calorie target for the day as well as
consistent carb amounts to aim for at each meal and snacks to help manage
their weight and blood glucose
Ensuring that healthy foods such as whole grains, low-fat protein and dairy,
and fruits and vegetables are available is critical to their diabetes
management
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DIABETES CARE TASKS AT SCHOOL
Encourage a Healthy Lifestyle
Be active every day Limit play time in front Promote healthy food
for at least 60 minutes of the computer, and beverage choices
tablet, smartphone, and limit portion sizes
and TV to two hours of foods high in fat,
per day sugar, and salt
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Module 14 Pre- and Post-Tests:
TYPE 2 DIABETES
This tool may be freely duplicated and distributed for training purposes
1. Type 2 diabetes is only found in adults.
a. True
b. False
2. Students who have type 2 diabetes may need to take insulin.
a. True
b. False
3. Healthy eating should be encouraged for all students regardless if they have diabetes.
a. True
b. False
Disclaimer
This presentation is not intended to provide legal or health care
advice. Please consult with a legal or health care professional
regarding your specific questions or needs.
Where to Get More Information
AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION
1-800-DIABETES (342-2383)
[Link]/SAFEATSCHOOL
