CSFB Solution

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Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 References
 3GPP TS 23.272 Circuit Switched (CS) fallback in Evolved
Packet System (EPS)
 3GPP TS 29.118 Mobility Management Entity (MME) –
Visitor Location Register (VLR) SGs interface specification
(Release 8)

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 Training Objectives
 After learning this course, you can:

Describe the fundamentals of the CSFB.

Describe the key procedures of the CSFB.

Describe the SGs interface and protocol.

Describe the feature data configuration of the CSFB.

Describe the network deployment of the CSFB.

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 Contents
1. CSFB Fundamentals

2. Key Procedures

3. SGs Interface and Protocol

4. Feature Data Configuration

5. Network Deployment

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Origin of the CS Fallback Solution
Key issues
 How can telecom operators provide the voice and SM services before
the IMS is deployed at the initial stage of the LTE?
 The UE cannot provide the IMS service in the LTE coverage scope.
After falling back to the existing 2G/3G network, the UE initiates and
completes the Circuit Switched domain (CS) service.
MME

IMS CN
SAE-GW

GU CS

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Voice Service of the CS Fallback
 The CSFB service must be deployed by using the current 2G/3G CS network. The service
provides a fallback technology to ensure that a subscriber can be registered to the LTE-SAE
network and the traditional CS network at the same time. To use the voice service, the
subscriber falls back to the CS through the LTE-SAE network first.

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PS and SMS Services in the CSFB
MSC Server The SM service does not
Um/Uu Iu-cs/A need to fall back, but is
transmitted transparently
When the voice BS SGSN
at the SGs interface.
SGs
service falls Iu/Gb HSS
back, the data Gn/S3 S6a
service is
switched to the
2G/3G PS or S1-C S11
suspended. Uu S1-U

eNB SAE-GW

• For the SMS service, the EPC network does not require the UE to
fall back to the traditional CS to send or receive SMs. SMs are
transferred directly through the LTE NA signaling on the EPC
network. This greatly improves the efficiency of the SMS service.

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Features of the CSFB Solution
 The MSC/VLR supports the SGs interface.
 The MME supports the SGs interface.
 The UE supports both the CS service and PS service.

Solution Strengths Weaknesses

CS Fallback Low terminal cost. Requiring full-network

Supporting the SMS over coverage of 2G/3G wireless
SGs SM solution. signals.
Minor change to the The 2G/3G CS network
network; a fast and highly must be upgraded.
efficient transition The LTE/SAE network must
solution. support the related
functions.

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 Contents
1. Fundamentals
2. Key Procedures
3. SGs Interface and Protocol
4. Feature Data Configuration
5. Network Deployment

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 Contents
2. Key Procedures
2.1 CS Mobility Management Procedure

2.2 Voice Service Procedure (MO)

2.3 Voice Service Procedure (MT)

2.4 SM Service Procedure

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Attach (combined EPS/IMSI Attach)
MSC Server

BSC/RNC SGSN 2 SGs

MME

1
1
3
3
eNB SAE-GW

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Combined EPS/IMSI Attach Procedure
The UE registers with the CS network and EPC network at the same time by using
the attach procedure.
Attach type

UE MME MSC/VLR HSS

• Combined EPS/IMSI
Attach
1. Attach Request • UE is capable to use
CSFB

2. Step 3 to step 16 of the Attach procedure specified in TS 23.401

Derive VLR NO.

3. Derive VLR number

TAI -> LAI -> VLR NO.
4. Location Update Request
Create SGs association
Save the MME 5. Create SGs association
address to
forward the The MSC/VLR stores the MME
paging message 6. Location update in CS domain
Attach accept
7. Location Update Accept
The MME sends TMSI
8. Step 17 to step 26 of the Attach procedure specified in TS 23.401 and TAI

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Attach Procedure Trace

After "CSFB prefer"

is set on the UE, the
UE initiates
combined attach.

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Attach Procedure Trace (Cont.)

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The MME Sends an LA Update Req to
the MSC

When receiving the

combined attach request,
the MME sends an LA
update message to the
MSC.

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The MSC Answers the LA Update
Resp to the MME

The MSC saves the

MME information to
forward downlink
paging to the MME.

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Attach Accept Trace

After the combined location

update, the UE saves the
TA list, LAI, GUTI, and
TMSI at the same time.

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UE-Initiated Detach Procedure
The UE deregisters from the EPC or CS network by using the detach procedure.

MME HSS • UE-initiated detach

UE MSC/VLR
procedure
• MME-initiated detach
1. Detach Request procedure
• HSS-initiated detach
2. Step 2 to step 10 of the UE-initiated Detach procedure for E-UTRAN procedure
as specified in TS 23.401
3a. IMSI Detach Indication
3b. EPS Detach Indication Detach type
4. Remove SGs
association • Combined EPS/IMSI
5. Detach Accept
Detach
• EPS detach
• IMSI detach
6. Step 12 to step 14 of the UE-initiated Detach procedure for E-UTRAN
as specified in TS 23.401
Remove SGs
association

The MSC removes the MME

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Detach Request from UE

Type of detach (In the UE to

network direction):
(1) EPS detach
(2) IMSI detach
(3) Combined EPS/IMSI detach

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EPS Detach Indication on the SGs
Interface

The association between

the MME and MSC is
removed through this
message.

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Detach Accept

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MME-Initiated Detach Procedure
After the procedure ends, the MSC/VLR removes the SGs association of MME related to this UE.

UE MME MSC/VLR HSS

1.MME-initiated Detach as specified in TS 23.401

2.EPS/IMSI
Detach Indication

3.Remove SGs
association

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HSS-Initiated Detach Procedure

MME MSC/VLR HSS

UE

1. Step 1a to step 7b of HSS-initiated detach as specified in TS 23.401

When changing
the subscription 2. EPS Detach Indication
data, the HSS
initiates a detach 3. Remove SGs
procedure. association

4. Step 8a to step 10a of HSS-initiated detach as specified in TS 23.401

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Combined TA/LA Update Procedure
UE new MME old MME MSC/VLR HSS

1. UE determines to
perform TAU

2. TAU Request

3. Step 4 to step 19 of TAU procedure as specified in TS 23.401

4. Location Update Request

5. Location update in CS domain

6. Location Update Accept

7. TAU Accept
8. TAU Complete

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 Contents
2. Key Procedures
2.1 CS Mobility Management Procedure

2.2 Voice Service Procedure (MO)

2.3 Voice Service Procedure (MT)

2.4 SM Service Procedure

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CSFB MO Call in Active Mode - PS HO
Supported

eNodeB BSS/RNS MME MSC SGSN Serving

UE/MS
GW
1a. Extended Service Request
Step 1-2 1a.1b include CS fallback Indicator
CSFB 1b. S1-AP Message with CS Fallback indicator

2. Optional Measurement Report Solicitation

3. PS HO as specified in 23.401 [2] (preparation phase and start of execution phase)

4. CM Service Request
4. A/Iu-cs message (with CM Service Request)

Step 4-6 call 5. CM Service Reject 5. CM Service Reject

service If the MSC
is changed
Location Area Update or Combined RA/LA Update

6. CS call establishment procedure

7. PS HO as specified in 23.401 [2] (continuation of execution phase)

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Extended Service Request (step1a)
 The UE sends a CSFB indicator in
the extended service request.

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Initial Context Setup Req (step1b)

Instruct the
eNodeB to
execute CSFB

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Initial Context Setup Resp (step1b)
 This message means eNodeB
receive CSFB indicator.
 The IE in this message is
meaningless.

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 CSFB MO Call in Active Mode - PS
HO Supported (Step 2–3)
 Handover preparation and start of handover execution is as follows:
Source Source Target
UE eNodeB Target RNC Source MME Target SGSN Serving GW Serving GW PDN GW HSS

Uplink and DownlinkUser Plane PDUs

1. Handover Initiation The eNodeB requests the UE to report the measurement

result. The eNodeB selects the target cell.
2. Handover Required 3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Create Session Request

4a. Create Session Response

Handover 5. RelocationRequest

preparation 5a. Relocation Request Acknowledge

6. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request

6a. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response

7. Forward Relocation Response

8. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request

8a. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response

Start of The Ho From E-UTRAN Command message

contains the CS Fallback Indicator.
execution
If Step 4 fails, the CSFB procedure also fails.

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CSFB MO Call in Active Mode - PS
HO Supported (Step7)
The downlink packet
cached in the PGW is
forwarded between
the source eNodeB
and target RNC.

The target SGSN

updates the tunnel
address to the PGW.

The resource is
removed at the
E-UTRANside.

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 Mobile Originating call in Active Mode –
PS HO Not Supported
UE/MS eNodeB BSS/RNS MME MSC S-GW SGSN

1a. Extended Service Request

Step 1-2 1b. S1-AP message with CS Fallback indicator
CSFB
2. Optional Measurement Report Solicitation
3a. NACC, 3b. RRC connection release 6. If the RA/LA changes, the
4. S1-AP: S1 UE Context Release Request location update procedure
Step 3-5 may be triggered.
RRC 5. S1 UE Context Release
release
6. LA Update or Combined RA/LA Update or RA Update or LA Update and RA Update
7a. Suspend (see 23.060)
7b. Suspend Request / Response
Step 7 PS 8. Update bearer(s)
9. CS MO call
suspend
10a. Service Reject
In case MSC is
changed
Step 9-10 10b. Location Area Update
call service 10c. CS MO call 7a. If the target network does not
support DTM, the PS
service is suspended. The
MME deactivates the GBR
11. Routing Area Update or Combined RA/LA Update bearer and keeps the non-
GBR bearer.

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Mobile Originating Call in Idle Mode
 If the UE is in the idle state, the UE must change to the
EMM-CONNECTED activation state before initiating a
call. The UE first sends a service request message to set
up an S1 connection.
 After the UE is activated, the Mobile Originating call in
Active Mode procedure starts.

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 Contents
2. Key Procedures
2.1 CS Mobility Management Procedure

2.2 Voice Service Procedure (MO)

2.3 Voice Service Procedure (MT)

2.4 SM Service Procedure

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 CS Fallback MT Procedure
• Phase 1: The MME receives a Paging message from the SGs interface and pages the
UE.
• Optional procedure: The subscriber returns to the connected state from the idle state.
• Phase 2: The subscriber is relocated to the target cell (through reselection or handover).
• Phase 3: The paging response is initiated at the CS.
6 MSC Server
1

BSC/RNC SGSN SGs 2

MME
5

3
3 4
5
4
5 eNB

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Callee Service Procedure in the Connected
State - Supporting PS Handover
eNodeB BSS/RNS MME MSC SGSN Serving
UE/MS
GW
1a. Paging Request
1a. CS Paging Notification
1a. Service Request
1b. Extended Service Request
1c. CS Paging Reject
1d. S1-AP Message with CS Fallback indicator

2. Optional Measurement Report Solicitation

3. PS HO as specified in 23.401 [2] (preparation phase and start of execution phase)

4a. Location Area Update or Combined RA/LA

Update
4b. Paging Response 4b. A/Iu-cs message (with Paging Response)
Option 1: The UE falls
MSC is not
5a. Establish CS changed back to the CS
connection
5b. Signalling Connection Release 5b. Connection Reject
If the MSC
is changed
5b. Location Area Update or Combined RA/LA Update

5b. CS call establishment procedure

6. PS HO as specified in 23.401 [2] (continuation of execution phase)

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 Service Procedure of the Callee in the Connected
State - Not Supporting the PS Handover
eNodeB BSS/RNS MME MSC S-GW SGSN
UE/MS

1a. CS Paging Notification 1a. Paging Request

1a. Service Request
1b. Extended Service Request 1c. CS Paging Reject
1d. S1-AP message with CS Fallback indicator

2. Optional Measurement Report

3a. NACC, 3b. Signalling connection release
4. S1-AP: S1 UE Context Release Request

5. S1 UE Context Release

6. LA Update or Combined RA/LA Update or RA Update or LA Update and RA Update

7a. Suspend (see TS 23.060)
Suspend the 7b. Suspend Request / Response
PS service 8. Update bearer(s)
9. Paging Response
Option 1:
MSC is not
9a. Establish CS connection changed

9b. Signalling Connection Release 9b. Connection Reject

Option 2:
MSC is
9c. Roaming Retry for CS Fallback (clause 7.5) changed

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Service Procedure of the Callee in the
Idle State
 The UE first changes from the ECM–idle state to the ECM–connected
state. UE eNodeB MME RNC/
BSC MSC HSS GMSC

1.IAM

2. SRI procedure

3. IAM
4. Paging
5. Paging
6. Paging

7a. Extend Service Request

7b. Initial UE Context Setup

8a. PS handover
8b. eNB assisted
cell change
8c. Location Area Update

8d. Paging Response

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Service Procedure of the Callee in the
Idle State
 The UE first changes from the ECM–idle state to the ECM–connected state.
UE eNodeB MME RNC/ MSC HSS GMSC
BSC
1.IAM

2. SRI procedure

3. IAM
4. Paging
5. Paging
6. Paging

7a. Extend Service Request

7b. Initial UE Context Setup

8a. PS handover
8b. eNB assisted
cell change
8c. Location Area Update

8d. Paging Response

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Paging from MSC

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Paging from MME to eNodeB

The MME indicates that the subscriber is

paged in the specified TA.

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Extended Service Req

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The MME Sends the Initial UE Context
Setup Message

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 Contents

2. Key Procedures
2.1 CS Mobility Management Procedure
2.2 Voice Service Procedure (MO)
2.3 Voice Service Procedure (MT)
2.4 SM Service Procedure

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CS Fallback MO SMS over SGs

MSC Server
4

BSC/RNC SGSN SGs 3

MME

1、 2
1、 2
5
5
eNB SAE-GW

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CS Fallback MO SMS over SGs

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CS Fallback MT SMS over SGs

MSC Server
1

BSC/RNC SGSN SGs 2、 5

MME

3
3 4
6
4
6 SAE-GW
eNB

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CS Fallback MT SMS over SGs

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System Implementation of the SMS
 The following figure shows the system implementation of the SMS:

UE eNodeB MME MSC

 When the Short Message Service (SMS) is provided, the MME functions as an
intermediate forwarding node to forward the messages between the UE and the MSC.
The MME assists the UE and MSC in completing the SM function.
 Different from the voice function, the SM function does not require the UE to fall back to
the GERAN/UTRAN. The E-UTRAN is directly used to provide the UE with the SMS.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

SM Procedure of the Caller in the
Idle State
MS/UE MME MSC/VLR HLR/HSS SMS- SC
IWMSC
1. EPS/IMSI attach procedure

2. UE triggered Service Request

3. Uplink NAS Transport
4. Uplink Unitdata
5. Forward Short Message
4a. Downlink Unitdata
6. Message transfer
4a. Downlink NAS Transport
7. Delivery report
8. Delivery report

9. Downlink Unitdata
10. Downlink NAS Transport

11. Uplink NAS Transport

12. Uplink Unitdata

13. Release Request

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

SM Procedure of the Caller in the
Activated State
 SM procedure of the caller of the CSFB in the activated state
The SM procedure of the caller in the activated state is similar to that in the idle
state. For the SM procedure of the caller in the activated state, the UE does not
need to initiate a service request procedure, but interacts with the MME directly on
the existing signaling connection.

 Procedure of multiple SMs of the caller

When the first caller's SM has not been sent completely, the UE sends another
SM. The UE first sends the Uplink NAS Transport message to the MME, but does
not the acknowledgement message in Step 11 in the preceding figure. This avoids
reestablishment of the air interface and S1 interface connection after the air
interface and S1 interface are released.

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SM Procedure of the Callee in the Idle
State

SMS-
SMS-
MS/UE eNodeB MME MSC/VLR HLR/HSS SC
GMSC
1
1. EPS/IMSI attach procedure
2. Message transfer
3. Send Routeing Info For Short Message
4. Forward Short Message
5. Paging
7. Paging 6. Paging

8. Service Request
8a. Service Request
9a. Downlink Unitdata
9b. Downlink NAS Transport
9c. Uplink NAS Transport 9d. Uplink Unitdata

10. Uplink NAS Transport 11. Uplink Unitdata

12. Delivery report

13. Delivery report
15. Downlink NAS Transport 14. Downlink Unitdata

16. Release Request

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SM Procedure of the Callee in the
Connected State
 SM procedure of the callee in the connected state
The SM procedure of the callee in the connected state is similar to that in the
idle state. For the SM procedure of the callee in the activated state:

- After receiving the SGsAP Paging Request message in Step 5 in the

preceding figure, the MME queries the UE context and knows that the current
UE is connected. The MME does not page the UE, namely, Step 6 to Step 8 in
the previous figure are skipped, and Step 8a is executed directly. The MME
sends an SGsAP Service Requestmessage to the MSC/VLR, indicating that
the NAS message can be transferred between the UE and the MME.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Procedure of Multiple SMs of the
Callee
 Procedure of multiple SMs of the callee
When the MSC requires to send more than one SM to the UE, the
MSC does not send the SGsAP Release Request message in Step
16 in the preceding figure. The MSC first sends an SGsAP Downlink
Unitdata message to transfer the new SM to the MME. This avoids
re-paging of the UE after the air interface and S1 interface are

released.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Contents
1. Fundamentals
2. Key Procedures
3. SGs Interface and Protocol
4. Feature Data Configuration
5. Network Deployment

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Newly Added SGs Interface
 Among the voice features of the CS Fallback, the most important interface is
the SGs interface. The SGs interface between the MME and MSC server is
used to process the mobility management and voice service paging procedure
between the EPS and the CS. In addition, the SGs interface also provides the
SMS transmission function (SMS over SGs).
 The transport layer of the SGs interface uses SCTP to guarantee
transmission reliability.

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Message Functions of SGs
Message Name Function
SGsAP-LOCATION-UPDATE- Attach, Combined LA/TA: The MME sends a
REQUEST location update message to the MSC.
SGsAP-EPS-DETACH-INDICATION EPS detach.
message
SGsAP-IMSI-DETACH-INDICATION IMSI detach.
SGsAP-SERVICE-REQUEST SMT: The MME sends a service request as
the response message of paging.
Service indicator: CS call indicator
or SMS indicator.

SGsAP-PAGING-REQUEST MT: The MSC sends a Paging message to

the MME.
SGsAP-UPLINK-UNITDATA SMO: The MME sends an SM to the MSC.
SGsAP-DOWNLINK-UNITDATA SMT: The MSC sends an SM to the MME.

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 Contents
1. Fundamentals
2. Key Procedures
3. SGs Interface and Protocol
4. Feature Data Configuration
5. Network Deployment

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7. CSFB Feature Related Configuration (1)
 Operation procedure
1. Establish inter-device communication between the MME and MSC:
- Run the ADD SCTPPARA command to add the SCTP parameter template of association
path between the MME and MSC.
- Run the ADD VLR command to add the SCTP association information from the MME to
the specified MSC.
- Run the DSP VLR command to query whether the SCTP association state between the
MME and MSC is normal.

2. Activate the CSFB service:

- Run the ADD LAIVLR command to add an LA of MSC coverage.
- Run the ADD TAILAI command to add a TA range of LA coverage.
- Run the SET SGSPARA command to set the service running parameters of the SGs
interface.
Note: The CSFB feature requires license support. Run the DSP LICENSE command to view
whether the current license supports the CSFB feature.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

7. CSFB Feature Related Configuration
(2)
 Establish inter-device communication between the MME and MSC.

[USN MML]: Add the SCTP parameter template of association path between
the MME and MSC.

ADD SCTPPARA: SCTPPARAINDEX="SCTP Protocol Parameter Index";

[USN MML]: Add the SCTP association information from the MME to the
specified MSC.

ADD VLR: VLRNO = "VLR No.", IPTYPE = IPV4, VLRIPV4_1 = "VLR IPv4
Address 1", VLRIPV4_2 = "VLR IPv4 Address 2", SUBRACKNO =
"Subrack No.", SLOTNO = "Slot No.", LOCALIPV4_1 = "Local IPv4
Address 1", LOCALIPV4_2 = "Local IPv4 Address 2", SCTPINDX = "SCTP
Protocol Parameter Index";

[USN MML]: Query whether the SCTP association state between the MME
and MSC is normal.

DSP VLR: VLRNO = "VLR No.";

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7. CSFB Feature Related Configuration
(3)
 Step 2 Activate the CSFB service.

Add LAs of MSC coverage.

[USN MML]: ADD LAIVLR: BGNLAI = "Beginning LAI",
ENDLAI = "End LAI", VLRNO = "VLR No.";

Add a TA range of LA coverage.

[USN MML]: ADD TAILAI: BGNTAI = "Beginning TAI",
ENDTAI = "End TAI", LAI = "LAI";

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

7. CSFB Feature Related Configuration (3)

 Step 3 Set the service running parameters of the SGs

interface.

[USN MML]: SET SGSPARA: TS6_1 = "Location Update Timer",
TS8 = "EPS Separation Timer", TS9 ="Display IMSI Separation
Timer", TS10="Implicit IMSI Separation Timer", NS8 = "EPS
Separation Retransmission Times", NS9 = "Display IMSI
Separation Retransmission Times", NS10 = "Implicit
IMSISeparation Retransmission Times";

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Contents
1. Fundamentals
2. Key Procedures
3. SGs Interface and Protocol
4. Feature Data Configuration
5. Network Deployment

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CS Fallback Deployment
MSC Pool
Solution1: Depoly SGs MSC server per pool
MSC Server Solution2: Upgrade all MSCs Solution 1 Strengths 1. The live network is upgraded
on a small scale. Only one to
…… two MSC servers need to be
upgraded or newly deployed
for each MSC pool.
2. The solution can resolve the
problem of Roaming Retry.
Weaknesses The function of MSC pool must be
MME Pool supported.
HSS
Solution 2 Strengths The function of MSC pool does not
need support.

Weaknesses All the MSCs in the LTE coverage of

the live network must be upgraded.
GW Pool In addition, the network must be
upgraded to support the Roaming
Retry function.
Deployment principles
1. Deploy the MSC server and MME that support the SGs interface. Ensure that other network entities of the SAE are not affected.
2. Ensure the mapping between the TA and the LA to avoid execution of unnecessary LAU and Roaming Retry procedures during
CS Fallback.
3. For solution 1, you are advised to deploy a new pair of MSC servers of high capacity and high integration to provide the CS
fallback service.
4. For solution 2, the software is upgraded for only the MSC in the common coverage area of the LTE and 2G/3G networks where the
CS fallback service will be provided. You are advised to use the active plane and standby plane to upgrade the software in turn
and minimize the service interruption time.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 65
Impact Factors of CSFB Performance
 The TAI List of the LTE network is inconsistent with the LAC of the CS network. The location
update procedure is added to the caller procedure. The roaming retry procedure is added to
the callee procedure. The CSFB procedure latency is added.

The coverage scope of TA1

TA List covers LA 1
TA1
TA6
and LA 2. TA2
TA2
TA4

TA3
MSC 1 TA3
TA6 LA 2
MSC 2
BSC 1 BTS 1
LA 1 BSC 2
BTS 2
LTE TA List
The UE is powered Location update is not initiated when the When the UE initiates a
on at LA 1 and subscriber moves from LA 1 to LA 2. caller service at LA 2, the
registered with location must be re-
updated. MSC 2 is used to
MSC 1.
initiate the caller service.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 66
Impact Factors of the CSFB
(Caller Procedure)
UE/MS eNodeB BSS/RNS MME MSC S-GW SGSN

1a. Extended Service Request

1b. S1-AP message with CS Fallback indicator

2. Optional Measurement Report Solicitation

3a. NACC, 3b. RRC connection release
4. S1-AP: S1 UE Context Release Request

5. S1 UE Context Release

6. LA Update or Combined RA/LA Update or RA Update or LA Update and RA Update

7a. Suspend (see 23.060)
7b. Suspend Request / Response
8. Update bearer(s)
The TA List is 9. CS MO call
consistent with the LA
planning. As a result, 10a. Service Reject
the LAU procedure is In case MSC is
initiated after CSFB. changed
10b. Location Area Update

10c. CS MO call

11. Routing Area Update or Combined RA/LA Update

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 67
Impact Factors of the CSFB (Callee
Procedure)
GMSC HLR Old New SAE/LTE MS
VMSC/VLR VMSC/VLR
1
SRI (B, GMSC@,call Ref.,Roamingretry) 2
PRN (call ref.,GMSC@, Roaming retry)
PRN ACK (MSRN)
SRI ACK
IAM (MSRN) Paging

CSFallback
LocUpdate

Authentication Procedure
Update Location
3
Cancel Location
Cancel Location Ack Old MSC stops paging timer
and inform GMSC
Insert Subscriber Data (multiple)
RCH (call reference, roaming retry)
ACK
4
REL RLCs
5
2nd SRI (B, basic call interrogation)

HLR delays the sending of

PRN until location update
The TA List is procedure finishes
6

consistent with the LA Insert Subscriber Data (continued) Further procedures

related to location
planning to avoid Update Location Ack update. e.g.
initiation of the PRN
ciphering, TMSI
reallocation.
roaming retry PRN ACK (MSRN)
7

procedure after the 2nd SRI ACK (MSRN)

7
IAM (MSRN)
CSFB
New VMSC/VLR may delay setup until
8
location update procedure finishes
LocUpdate Accept
TMSI Cmplt

Normal MT call procedure follows.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 68
SMS over SGs Deployment
MSC MSC Server

……

MSC

MME Pool
HSS

GW Pool
Deployment principles

1. Deploy the MSC server and MME that support the SGs interface. Ensure that other network
entities of the SAE are not affected.
2. The telecom operator can deploy a small number of MSC servers as required. The minimum
number of MSC servers is one in the whole network.
3. Deployment of the SMS network is not affected, such as SM-SC.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 69
Voice Solution to UE Settings
 The UE, MSC, and MME jointly implement the CSFB function.
IMS PS Voice preferred CS Voice preferred
UE is set to IMS
voice preferred,
CS voice
secondary

UE initiates EPS Fail or Success with “SMS only” UE is set to CS

attach procedure indication or Success with Voice preferred,
(non combined) “CSFB Not Preferred” indication IMS PS Voice
secondary Fail or Success with
“SMS only” indication
or Success with
“CSFB Not Preferred”
indication
UE checks for IMS UE performs
UE checks for UE initiates a
voice supported Not combined TAU for UE checks for IMS
voice centric or combined EPS/ UE checks for
Indication from supported CSFB as in TS voice supported Not
data centric setting Voice centric IMSI attach voice centric or Voice centric
Network 23.272 Indication from supported
procedure data centric setting
Network

Success with no “SMS-only” Success with no

Supported TAU performed and no “CSFB Data centric “SMS only” indication
Not Preferred” indication Supported TAU performed Data centric
and no “CSFB Not
Preferred” indication

UE uses IMS UE stays in current UE reselects to UE uses IMS UE stays in current UE reselects to
UE uses CSFB UE uses CSFB
Voice RAT other RAT Voice RAT other RAT

Reference from 3GPP TS 23.221 Annex A.2 Reference from 3GPP TS 23.221 Annex A.3

1. A subscriber can set the voice mode as desired.

2. Adding the network capability enables the subscriber to enjoy uninterrupted voice service when
roaming between different networks.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 70
CS Fallback Latency Analysis
• During the CS fallback procedure, the CSFB needs additional latency (that is, PS
HO/NACC/RRC Release)
eNodeB MME MSC SGSN Serving P-GW/
UE/MS BSS/RNS GW GGSN
1a. Extended Service Request
The UE initiates a call
1b. S1-AP Request message with CS Fallback indicator

1c. S1-AP Response message

2. Optional Measurement Report Solicitation

3a. PS HO as specified in 23.401 [2] (preparation phase and start of execution phase)

3b. Suspend
Additional 3c. Update Bearer(s)

latency 4a. Location Area Update or Combined RA/LA Update

4b. CM Service Request

4b. A/Iu-cs message (with CM Service Request)

5. CM Service Reject 5. CM Service Reject

If the MSC
is changed
Location Area Update or Combined RA/LA Update

Normal CS 6. CS call establishment procedure

procedure 7. PS HO as specified in 23.401 [2] (continuation of execution phase)

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 71
CS Fallback Latency Analysis
 CSFB to GERAN  CSFB to UTRAN
RRC
GERAN PS HO Plain RRC
Latency (ms) RRC release
native case release Latency UTRAN PS HO RRC Release
(SIB cache)
0 100 100 100
(ms) native case Release (cached
Idle to active (E-UTRAN) SIBs)
Extended service req. 0 150 150 150 Idle to active (E- 0 100 100 100
Measurement 0 2640 0 0 UTRAN)
PS HO 0 250 0 0
Extended service 0 150 150 150
RRC release 0 0 50 50
req.
0 0 2600 600
Camp/Access in GERAN Measurement 0 320 0 0

GERAN RRC connection 1000 0 1000 1000 PS HO 0 250 0 0

setup RRC release 0 0 50 50
2000-5000 2000-5000 2000-5000 2000-5000 320 0 1530 250
Camp/Access in
NAS/E2E procedure (M-M)
UTRAN
Total 3000-6000 4890-7890 5900-8900 3900-6900
UTRAN RRC 750 0 750 750

connection setup

NAS/E2E 2000-5000 2000-5000 2000-5000 2000-5000

procedure (M-M)

Total 3070-6070 2820-5820 4580-7580 3300-6300

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 72
CS Fallback Performance Optimization
 Common optimization methods

Selective idle mode camping: In idle state, the UE camps in the
2G/3G cell. The method ensures that the call latency of the CSFB
is consistent with the native CS call latency, but the PS service
performance is not guaranteed.

Enhanced RRC redirection with SIB: The method is a R9 feature.
The RRC Release message contains the 2G/3G SIB information.
This prevents the UE from consuming time to read SIB on the
2G/3G network.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 73
Comparison between the SRVCC and
CSFB
Highlight SRVCC CSFB

Coverage Supports LTE + IMS hot spot Provides PS services within the
coverage and provides voice and LTE coverage, and voice
data services. services within the 2G/3G
coverage.
Trigger condition Triggered when a subscriber Triggered when the subscriber
moves from a location within the uses the CS service.
LTE coverage to a location within
the 2G/3G coverage.
The MME Queries the DNS according to the Configures the MSC IP statically
addresses the Target ID. according to the Target TAI.
MSC. Target ID -> hostname -> IP Target TAI -> LAI -> VLR NO. ->
MSC IP
Voice indicator in SRVCC indicator CSFB indicator
the extended
service request.
Attach type EPS attach Combined IMSI/EPS attach

UE settings SRVCC preferred CSFB preferred

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 74
Comparison between the SRVCC and
CSFB
Highlight SRVCC CSFB
Network Requires the IMS, and uses Uses the CS to implement
deployment the IMS and CS to implement voice services.
voice services.
Upgrades the MME/E-MSC to Upgrades the MME/E-MSC
support the Sv interface. to support the SGs interface.

Upgrades the HSS to support Null

theSTR-SN and C-MSISDN.

• STR-SN handover number: The SRVCC/IWF uses the number as the

called number for routing to the SRVCC AS.
• C–MSISDN: The SRVCC AS uses the number to associate the CS
session with the original IMS session.

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 75
 Summary
1. Fundamentals
2. Key Procedures
3. SGs Interface and Protocol
4. Feature Data Configuration
5. Network Deployment

Copyright © 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 76
Thank you
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