ENCULTURATION
AND
SOCIALIZATION
LESSO
N
6
• Self is a product of social process
• Self emerges from social interaction such as socialization
and enculturation
• Socialization refers to a lifelong social experience by which
people develop
their human potential and learn culture.
Agents of Socialization: family, friends, school, church,
socio-civic
group, interest group
Socialization
• Socialization generally refers to the process of social
influence through which a person acquires the culture or
subculture of his/her group, and in the course of acquiring
these cultural elements, the individual's self and
personality are shaped.
• Socialization is very important to the life process of an
individual because it enables a person to learn the different
cultural languages, norms, values, and one’s role in the
society in order to fit the group.
Enculturation
• Enculturation is the process by which people learn the
requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the
values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that
culture.
• Enculturation can be defined as the process of learning with the help of
which an individual grasps the rules, norms, and values of a particular
culture or society of which he/she is a part of.
• Here, learning means understanding and acquiring the traditional content
of the culture observing the other members of the society, such as
parents, family, teachers, friends, acquaintances, relatives, etc., getting
instructions from elders, and experiencing things as they take place.
• Enculturation is a process of
socialization to maintain the
norms of one’s heritage and
culture, including the salient
values, ideas, and concepts.
• To understand more about
enculturation, we can say
that Filipinos give more
importance to their
cultural values despite the
challenges we are facing.
Acculturation
• It refers to the cultural transformation of an individual or a group to adapt
according to another culture.
• Acculturation means the cultural contact and interchange process wherein a
human being adopts, learns and adjust to some or great extent as per the
values, rules, patterns and practices of a new or prevailing culture in the
society, which is not their native culture.
• Acculturation is primarily found amongst the people who migrate from different
countries, who try to incorporate the new culture in their lives. It takes place
when people belong to different culture comes into contact with one another,
wherein the people adopt traits of a new culture or take part in another
culture.
Enculturation Acculturation
• Enculturation is the culture learning • Acculturation refers to a process of
process in which an individual comes to cultural learning wherein the members of
know about the rules, values and a particular cultural group get influenced
behavioral patterns of his/her own native by another culture, by coming in contact
culture. with it and adopts it to some or great
extent.
• Enculturation is the first and foremost
introduction of a person to the culture, • Acculturation is the subsequent
which takes place just after birth. familiarization with different cultures.
• In enculturation, a person learns or • In acculturation, one’s culture is
acquires one’s own culture, to which subsumed by another culture.
he/she belongs.
Three Goals of Socialization (accdording
to J. Arnett)
1. Socialization teaches impulse control and helps
individuals develop a conscience.
2. Socialization teaches individuals how to prepare for and
perform certain social roles- occupational roles, gender
roles, and the roles of institutions such as marriage and
parenthood.
3. Socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and
value. People learn to identify what is important and
valued within a particular culture.
Agents of Socialization
• Through cultural learning,
individuals have a chance to
communicate and imitate the
behavior of other people.
• A good example is the
millennials in our country
who have easily adopted the
cultural learning of other
countries especially Korean
culture. They love eating
Korean food, watching K-dramas,
listening to K-pop music, even
imitating the fashion style and
dance moves of their favorite
Mead and The
Development of the
Social Mind
• Self (according (SELF)
to George Herbert Mead)
develops through social interactions.
• In the absence of social interactions, a
person may develop as a biological
entity, but he or she will be without the
sociality that makes individuals full-
pledged members of their society.
• Feral children- are human children who
have lived away from human contact from
a very young age, and have little or no
experience of human care, loving or social
behavior, and, crucially, of human
language. Feral children are confined by
humans (often parents), brought up by
animals, or live in the wild in isolation.
4 Stage Process of the
development of the self
(according.
1. Imitation
to Mead)
2. Play (gain an understanding of the different social
roles)
3. Game (organization and definite personalities start
to emerge)
4. Generalized others
Identities and Identity
Formation
Identity formation- development of an individual’s distinct
personality.
Individuals gain social identity and group identity by social
affiliations.
Self-concept is the sum of a being’s knowledge and
understanding of his or
herself.
Cultural identity is one’s feeling of identity or affiliation with a
group or
culture.
Ethnic identity is the identification with a certain ethnicity.
National identity is an ethical and philosophical concept
whereby all humans are divided into groups called nations.
Status and Roles
• Status refers to a social position that a person holds.
• A person’s status can either be ascribed (given) or achieved
(accomplished).
• An ascribed status is a social position a person receives at
birth or takes on involuntarily in life. (example: being a son, a
Filipino, a teenager, and a widower)
• An achieved status refers to a social position a person takes
on voluntarily that reflects personal identity and effort.
(example: honor student, boxing champion, nurse, software
writer, thief)
• The term status set refers to all statuses a person holds at a
given time
Status and Roles
• Role refers to the behavior expected of someone who holds a
particular status.
•A person holds a status and performs a role. (example: if you
have the status of a student, you must perform the role of
attending classes and completing requirements)
• Role set refers to a number of roles attached to a single status
• Rolestrain – conflict among the roles connected to two or
more statuses.
