ADULT CPR

&
ADULT CHOKING
[Link]
BLS INSTRUCTOR
KLINIK KESIHATAN PETALING BAHAGIA
 INTRODUCTION
• Basic Life Support (BLS) includes;
1) Airway
2) Breathing
3) Circulation
4) Automated external defibrillator (AED)
5) Management of choking or foreign body airway obstruction
(FBAO)
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 1) Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a
condition in which the heart suddenly and
unexpectedly stops beating.
SUDDEN 2) If this happens , blood stops flowing to
the brain and other vital organs.
CARDIAC 3) SCA causes death if it’s not treated
ARREST within minutes.

4) In adults, the most common cause is

cardiac in origin.

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 Signs and symptoms
of cardiac arrest :
SUDDEN • Unresponsiveness
CARDIAC • No breathing
ARREST • Abnormal breathing
/agonal breathing
• Seizure

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 CARDIO PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION
DRS ABCD
• D – DANGER
• R – RESPONSE
• S – SHOUT
• A – AIRWAY
• B –BREATHING
• C – CIRCULATION
• D – DEFIBRILLATION
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D-DANGER

Make sure you, the victim 1)Wear PPE (gloves, apron, mask) if
available
and the bystanders are 2) Look out for blood spills, sharps,
safe: electric wires, unsteady beds, trolley

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R-RESPONSIVENESS

Check the victim for response

• Gently tap his shoulders and ask
loudly: “Are you alright?".
• If he responds-- leave him in the
position in which you find him,
provided there is no further danger.
• Try to find out what is wrong with
him.
• Get help if needed.
• Reassess regularly
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S-SHOUT FOR HELP

Shout for help/activate Emergency

Response System
Mintak bantuan keselamatan
dengan segera.

2)Shout “Emergency! Emergency!

Bring the resuscitation trolley and
defibrillator!”.

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A: AIRWAY
Consider 2 techniques

a)Head tilt-chin lift

Suspected cervical
b)Jaw thrust trauma

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B-BREATHING
• Stress on : Look for normal breathing
in not more than 10 seconds
1) Look
2) Listen
3) Feel

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C-CIRCULATION = CHEST
COMPRESSION
Start chest compressions

Location: Lower half of the sternum/centre of the chest

• Kneel by the side of the victim.

• Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the victim’s chest (centre of
the chest).

• Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand.
A) B)
• Interlock the fingers of your hands and ensure that pressure is not
applied over the victim's ribs.

• Keep your arms straight.

• Do not apply any pressure over the upper abdomen or the bottom end
of the bony sternum (breastbone).

• Position your shoulders vertically above the victim's chest and press
down.

C)
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 HIGH QUALITY
CPR/ The rule
of 5

Location :
Middle of Rate : 100- Minimize Allow full
Depth : 5-6cm
chest, lower 120/min interruption chest recoil
½ of sternum

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 D-
DEFIBRILLATION
Early defibrillation is an essential step in the chain of survival for victims of
cardiac arrest.

When AED arrives :

• a. Switch on the AED

• b. Attach the electrode pads on the victim’s bare chest. (one on the upper right chest,
and one to the side of the left nipple)

• c. If more than one HCW is present, CPR should be continued while electrode pads
attached to the chest.

• d. Follow the spoken/visual directions.

If a shock is advised, deliver shock within 5 seconds

• Ensure that nobody is touching the victim with clear CHANT “I am clear, you are
clear, everyone is clear…”

• Push shock button as directed (fully automatic AEDs will deliver the shock
automatically)

• Immediately restart CPR at the compressions :ventilation ratio of 30:2.

• Continue as directed by the voice/visual prompts.

• If no shock is advised, continue CPR as directed by the voice/visual prompts.

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VENTILATION

Techniques for:
1) 2)
1)Bag valve mask

2)Mouth to mask

3)Mouth to mouth 3) 4)

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REASSESSMENT
Do not stop resuscitation until:
-Victim recovers with normal
breathing.
-HCP is exhausted.
Stress on : 1cycle = After every 5 -Assistance arrives to take over
30compression cycles or 2
When to check
s+2 minutes of
CPR.
Where to check
ventilation CPR, check for
normal To avoid fatigue, the person
breathing applying chest compression should
be switched every 5 cycles or 2
minutes.

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RECOVERY POSITION
o KEEP the victim COMFORTABLE
o Put an unconscious person in
RECOVERY POSITION if:
-the airway is open
-the person is breathing
-there is no deadly bleeding
-you don’t suspect neck or back
injury

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ADULT CHOKING
Choking is an
Choking
uncommon
usually occurs
but potentially
while the
treatable
victim is
cause of
eating or
accidental
drinking.
death

• reduced consciousness
People at • drug and/or alcohol intoxication
• neurological impairment (e.g. stroke, Parkinson’s
increased risk disease)
• respiratory disease
of choking are • older age

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UNIVERSAL SIGN OF CHOKING

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SEVERITY OF CHOKING

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 CONSCIOUS CHOKING
First, encourage patient to cough

If cough becomes ineffective If back blows are ineffective

give up to 5 back blows give up to 5 abdominal thrusts

Give five sharp blows Clench your fist and place it

between the shoulder blades between the umbilicus (navel)
with the heel of your hand. and the ribcage

Grasp this hand with your

other hand and pull sharply
inwards and upwards

Repeat up to five times

If the obstruction is still not relieved, continue

alternating five back blows with five abdominal
thrusts
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UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING

AS YOU OPEN THE

IF YOU DON’T SEE
AIRWAY TO GIVE IF YOU CAN SEE IT,
THE OBJECT, DO NOT
VENTILATIONS, LOOK USE A FINGER SWEEP
PERFORM A BLIND
IN THE PERSON’S MOTION TO REMOVE
FINGER SWEEP, BUT
MOUTH FOR ANY IT.
CONTINUE CPR.
VISIBLE OBJECT.

REMEMBER TO NEVER CONTINUING CYCLES

TRY MORE THAN 2 OF 30
VENTILATIONS COMPRESSIONS AND
DURING ONE CYCLE 2 VENTILATIONS IS
OF CPR, EVEN IF THE THE MOST EFFECTIVE
CHEST DOES NOT WAY TO PROVIDE
RISE. CARE.

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 THANK
YOU
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KLINIK KESIHATAN PETALING BAHAGIA