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Madhurima Barman

The presentation discusses the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, which defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors, introducing the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs. It highlights the limitations of the model, such as its applicability to protonic solvents and the behavior of certain substances like BF3 and AlCl3. Additionally, it covers the leveling effect of water on strong acids and bases and the role of amphoteric substances that can act as either an acid or a base.

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143 views7 pages

Madhurima Barman

The presentation discusses the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, which defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors, introducing the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs. It highlights the limitations of the model, such as its applicability to protonic solvents and the behavior of certain substances like BF3 and AlCl3. Additionally, it covers the leveling effect of water on strong acids and bases and the role of amphoteric substances that can act as either an acid or a base.

Uploaded by

madhurimabarman036
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A PRESENTATION ON

BRONSTED LOWRY
THEORY MADHURIMA BARMAN
SUBMITTED BY -
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
ID : 2023-2621

ROLL NO:2232621
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION & CONCEPT
OF ACID –BASE
BRONSTED LOWRY MODEL &
CONJUGATE ACID BASE PAIR
THE BRONSTED LOWRY
MODEL SUMMERY &
LIMITATION
THE LEVELING EFFECT
 AMPHOTERIC SUBSTANCE
JOHANNES NICOLAUS BROSTED TOMAS MARTIN LOWRY

In 1923, J.N Bronsted &T.M Lowry


independently proposed the
protonic concept of acids &
bases.
These simply state that:
Acid is hydrogen-ion donor (H+ or proton)
Base is hydrogen-ion acceptor.
Acids and bases always come in pairs
BRONSTED LOWRY MODEL
 When an acid donates its proton, the remaining part of the acid is called conjugate base of that acid.
Conjugate pair

HCl + NH3 NH4+ + Cl-


Acid 1 Base 2 Acid 2 Base 1
Conjugate pair

 When a base accepts a proton, the remaining part of the base is called conjugate acid of that acid.
Conjugate pair

H2O +NH3(g) NH4+ (aq) + OH-(aq)


Acid Base conjugateacid conjugate base
Conjugate pair
 Hence, together the acid and its conjugate base are khown as an conjugate acid-base pair.
 The same thing apply on a base and its conjugate acid
SUMMARY
1) An acid donates a proton and becomes a conjugate
base.
2) A base accepts a proton and becomes a conjugate
acid.
3) Ampholytes are substances that can behave either as
an acid or a base.

LIMITATIONS
1) It is limited to a protonic solvents.
2) Substance like BF3 and Alcl3 that can not
give proton but still behaves as acids.
THE LEVELLING EFFECT
 All Bronsted_Lowry acid yield H 3O+ ions (Cation)
 All strong acids are equally strong because all of them form the strongest
acid possible - H3O+
 Similarly, all strong bases are equally strong because they form the
strongest possible - OH-
 Strong acids and bases dissociate completely yielding OH - and OH-
 Any acid stronger than H3O+ simply donates a proton to H 2O
 Any base stronger than OH- simply accepts proton to H 2O
 Water exerts a leveling effect on any strong acid or base by reacting with it
to form water ionization products
 All Bronsted_Lowry Bases yield .. OH- ions (Anion)

AMOHOTERIC SUBSTANCE
Amphoteric,is such substance which caan act as both a Bronsted lowry acid and a
Bronsted lowry base.
.. .. ..
H2O + H-Cl H2O+ + Cl
..

..

.. .. .. Here, water is acting a base


..

..

.. ..-
H-O-H + NH3 H-O
.. +
+
NH4
..

..

.. Here, water is acting as acid


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SPECIALLY THANKS TO
Dr.SNEHASIS BHAKTA
Dr. RABINDRA DEY AND
ALL THE TEACHER OF
A
CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT

REFFERENCE BOOK-G.S DE

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