Scribd
Upload
13 views13 pages

Abo 0

The document outlines the ABO blood grouping system and the Rh factor, detailing the significance of blood type determination for safe blood transfusions and forensic medicine. It explains the genetics behind blood types, the presence of antigens and antibodies, and the implications of Rh factor in transfusions and hemolytic disease of the newborn. The ABO system includes four blood types (A, B, AB, O) and the Rh system indicates whether blood is positive or negative based on the presence of the D antigen.

Uploaded by

241905240010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views13 pages

Abo 0

The document outlines the ABO blood grouping system and the Rh factor, detailing the significance of blood type determination for safe blood transfusions and forensic medicine. It explains the genetics behind blood types, the presence of antigens and antibodies, and the implications of Rh factor in transfusions and hemolytic disease of the newborn. The ABO system includes four blood types (A, B, AB, O) and the Rh system indicates whether blood is positive or negative based on the presence of the D antigen.

Uploaded by

241905240010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BCH 471

ABO Blood
Grouping & Rh
Groups
Objectives

To determine the blood group according to the ABO .1 •

.system

To test for the availability of the Rh factor (D -2 •


antigen)
Blood Group Substances
• The differences in human blood are due to the presence or
absence of certain protein molecules called antigens and
antibodies.

• The antigens are located on the surface of the red blood


cells

• Antigens are also found in a wide variety of tissues and


biological fluids such as saliva, milk , seminal fluid, urine , and
gastric juice.

• The antibodies are in the blood plasma to attack foreign


antigens, resulting in clumping (agglutination)
ABO Blood Type System

The ABO blood type system is the major blood type- •

.classification system

The four blood types in the ABO system (A, B, AB, - •

and O) refer to different versions of


oligosaccharides which are present on the surface
.of RBCs
Importance of The ABO System

• Blood group antigens must be


determined to secure a safe practice of
blood transfusion.

• They are also useful in determining


familial relationships in forensic
medicine.
Genetics of Blood Types
• Your blood type is established
before you are born, by specific
GENES inherited from your
parents.

• You have two copies of this


gene, one inherited from
your MOTHER and the other
inherited from your FATHER.
Codominance
is a condition in which
the alleles of a gene pair in
a heterozygote are fully
expressed thereby
resulting in offspring with
a phenotype that is
neither dominant nor reces
Blood Types
• There are 3 alleles or genes for blood type: A, B, & O.

• Since we have 2 genes, there are 6 possible


combinations.
Rhesus Blood Group

• First studied in rhesus monkeys.

• Is the second most significant blood group system in


human transfusion.

• The D antigen (RhD) is the most important.

• If it is present on RBCs’ surface, the blood is RhD


positive (~80% of the population), if not it's RhD
negative.
• So, for example, some people in group A will have it, and
will therefore be classed as A+ (or A positive), while the
ones that don't, are A- (or A negative) and so it goes for
groups B, AB and O.
Rh Blood Group
Transfusion
• A person with Rh+ blood can receive blood from a person
with Rh- blood without any problems

• A person with Rh- blood can develop Rh antibodies in the


blood plasma if he or she receives blood from a person with
Rh+ blood, whose Rh antigens can trigger the production of
Rh antibodies
Hemolytic Disease of The Newborn (HDN)
• Also called, Erythroblastosis Fetalis
• Mother is Blood type Rh-, Father and fetus are Rh+
• First pregnancy = sensitization at delivery due to
hemorrhage

• Second pregnancy = Mother produce anti-Rh IgG


antibodies that cross placenta to attack fetal RBCs
leading to hemolysis
Principle Of Test

Type B Anti B Agglutination Hemolysis


blood gp antibodies
Seen as the
picture
RESULTS

You might also like