ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOY IN ENVIRONMENT
BY
BONIRE SHOLA OLUWABUNKUNMI
2022/HSLT/BCM/94
JANUARY 2024
INTRODUCTION
• Biotechnology is a field of applied and bioprocesses in engineering,
technology, medicine and other fields requiring byproduct.
Biotechnology utilizes these process for manufacturing purpose.
(Thieman, 2008).
• modern use of similar terms includes genetic engenering as
well as cell and tissue culture technologies. The concept
encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living
organisms according to human purposes going back to domestication
of animals, cultivation of plants and improvements these through
breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization.
• Biotechnology is any technological application that uses biological
system, living organisms or derivatives there of, to make or modify
products or processes for specific use. In other term “application of
scientific and technical advances in life science to develop
commercial products “is biotechnology”
APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOY
Biotechnology has application in four major industrial area
including.
Medicine
Agriculture, non food (industrial) uses of crops and other
products (e.g biodegradable plastic vegetable oil, biofouls
environmental uses.
Direct uses of organism for the manufactures of organic
products e.g. Beer and milk products. Also using naturally
present bacteria by the mining industry in bioleaching.
Biotechnology is also used to recycle, treat waste, clean up
site contaminated by industrial activites (bioremediation),
and also to produce biological weapons.
BIOREMEDIATION
Bioremediation is the use of micro-organism metabolism to remove
pollutants. This technology can generally be classify as in-situ or ex-situ. (Lovely,
2003).
In-situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated materials at the
site, while Ex-situ involves the removal of the contaminated materials to be
treated else where. Example of bioremediation technologies are phytoremediation,
bioventing, bioleaching, bioreactor composting bioaugumentation and bio-
stimulation. (Brim et al, 2000)
Bioremediation can occur on its own (natural attenuation or intrinsic
bioremediation) or can be spurred on via the addition of fertilizers to increase the
bioavailability within the medium (biostimulation). Recent advancement have also
proven successful via the addition of matched microbe strains to the medium to
enhance the resident microbe populations ability to break-down contaminants
(Mcfarlan, 2000). Micro organism used to perform the function of bioremediation
are know as bioremediators. (Lovely, 2003).
TREATMENT
• The sewage is defined as the waste water, resulting from the
various human activities, agriculture and industries. Many
contain organic and inorganic compounds, toxic substance,
heavy metals and pathogenic organisms, the sewage is
treated to get rid of these undesirable substances by micro
organism.
• The biodegradation of organic matter to smaller molecules
(CO2 NH3 PO4 etc) and required constant supply of oxygen.
The process of supplying oxygen is expensive, tedious, and
requires a lot of expertise and manpower. This problem is
overcome by growing microalgae in the ponds and tanks
where sewage treatment is carried out. The algae release the
02 while carrying out the photosynthesis which ensures a
continuous, supply of oxygen for biodegradation.
Treatment and Technology
For waste water, the waste water treatment is
to remove the impurities and hence reduce pollution
in order to return the effluent to the environment
without causing unacceptable damage to land, air or
water bodies similarly to stabilize and dispose off the
treatment residue. Various pollution parameter such
as BOD, COD, TSS, nitrogen, phosphorous, have to be
taken care of.
CONCLUSION
Biotechnology is any techniques that uses living organism to make
or modify a product, improve plant and animals or develop micro
organism for specific use. It is a technique that its principle
manipulate the nature and properties of existing organism to
essentially biotechnological role on environment, add value process
by making useful product from waste material, in which useful
product from waste material are subjected to a process of purification
to the point where the product can be release within harm to the
environment.
Finally, biotechnology plays a role in new biomaterial and new
biological production processes which have advantages of generating
more manageable waste.
RECOMMENDATION
This research work is recommended that, government should support
THANKS FOR LISTENING
