ELECTRICITY – DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM large building
AAR554
BUILDING SERVICES I
AP243 - BSc (Architecture)
Mohd Nasurudin Hasbullah
Department of Architecture
[email protected] UiTM (Perak)
PRINCIPAL
• The higher electrical load large building such as
hospitals, factories, airport and office block
• Three phase supply
• The loading in some large building too high for
the local low or medium voltage systems to
provide
• And a private sub station must therefore be
installed
• Electrical installation similar to a small building
but is divided into section
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS for
LARGE BUILDING
• Rising Main
Distribution
• Radial Distribution
• Ring Main Distribution
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RISING DISTRIBUTION
• For building above 5
storey's in height
• Normally preferable to
pass conductors
vertically through the
building
• The supply to each floor is
connected to the rising
main – tap off subsidiary
unit
Bus-bar
• a heavy conductor,
usually in the form of
a solid copper/
aluminium
• used for collecting,
carrying and
distributing large
electric currents
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Prevention of spread of fire
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RADIAL MAIN DISTRIBUTION
• To subsidiary distribution
panels radiate from main
intake panel.
• The main panel normally
consists of a main switch
connected to fused switch
through a bus bar chamber
• Several separate feeder
cables are run from the
main intake panel to the
subsidiary distribution
panel, which may be
situated in separate building
• Or at strategic points inside
one building
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radial installation for factory
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RING MAIN DISTRIBUTION
• In the case of a large development
scheme having several building around
the perimeter of the site
• A ring main circuit would be taken
around the site with supplies taken into
each building
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Advantages
• Each building and individual section of
the ring may be isolated without
switching off the entire installation
• The current may flow in either direction
which reduces the voltage drop
• The sized to take account of the diversity
factor for all the building, since a heavy
load may be required
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RING MAIN DISTRIBUTION
Principal of ring main
distribution
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FLOOR DUCT
• To enable desks to be moved to any
position in the office
• Used to carry both low-voltage electrical
supplies for machines and
lighting and extra low-voltage
supplies for private and public
telephone
• Types of floor duct
▫ Grid
▫ Branching
▫ perimeter
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GRID
• This method provides
adequate flexibility for
electrical supplies and
is used open plan
office.
• A suitable spacing of
the ducts is 1.5 – 2.5
m
• But other spacing's
may be used
depending upon the
degree of flexibility
required
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BRANCHING
• This method uses a
central feeder duct
with branches to each
window bay
• The branches may
either terminate just
short of the wall, or
extent to wall outlets
• This method provides
reasonable flexibility
for open plan offices
• Also used for
partitioned offices
with the central
feeder duct in the
corridor
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PERIMETER
• The cheapest method
but does not provide
the flexibility obtained
by grid and branching
layouts
• A main feeder duct is
located 450mm from
outside wall with short
branches taken from
junction boxes to wall
outlets for electrical
supply
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Material for
ducts
• Steel and pitch fibre duct
• Twin compartment – telephone and electric
• Dimension 100mm x 25mm
• Junction box with partitions to separate
services
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Floor outlet
• Pre-fixed at suitable spacing,
• or mounted at any point on the duct
• Connected with the necessary cable
• By drilling holes through the floor finish and
drawing cables through from the nearest junction
box
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Skirting duct
• To distribute and conceal the cable
• Used in conjunction with an
underfloor dust system
• Cable can be taken from the
underfloor duct,
• via an outlet at the back skirting
and run around the room with the
skirting to the required position
• Material – sheet steel, fibre or
fabricated in timber
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ELECTRICITY –
CABLING & DUCTING
AAR554 BUILDING SERVICES I
AP243 - BSc (Architecture)
[email protected] Mohd Nasurudin Hasbullah
Department of Architecture
UiTM (Perak)
INTRODUCTION
• It is essential to ascertain the location of pipes and
cables for the entry of services into a building
• The most practicable and economic route is the
shortest cables and ducting.
• The accommodation and the layout are two essential
factors to be taken into account
• To accommodate horizontal services, a skirting or floor
duct may be used
• Vertical services may be housed in either a surface
type duct or a chase.
[email protected] • Access for ease of assembly, testing, commissioning,
feasibility of extension, alteration and replacement are
the critical factors to be considered.
INTRODUCTION cont’n
• Each cable must be
identified by numerical
or colour coding
• Colour is most common
method where the cables
can be produced in
different colour
• It is to identify the
running of the whole
length of the cables
• Various types of cable; 1)
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2) TRS (trough rubber
sheathed)
• The life of both cables is
limited and need to be
replaced during the life
cable – a single insulated
conductor or a bound or
sheathed combination of
conductors insulated from one
another
conductor – a substance, body
or device that conducts heat,
sound or electricity Wire – a pliable metallic
strand or a twisted woven
assembly of such strands,
often insulated with a
dielectric material and
used as a conductor of
electricity
[email protected] insulator – a material that is a
poor conductor of electricity,
used for separating or
supporting conductors to
prevent the undesired flow of
current
Method of wiring
Cables Laid Underground
• Underground cables should be armoured
to afford protection from mechanical
damage.
[email protected] Mineral-insulated Cable
• Electrical cable consisting of two or more
insulated conductors protected by a
flexible, helically wound metal wrapping
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Horizontal ducts for small pipes
and cables Ducts for entry of services into the
building
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cables
27
Recessed and partially recessed for
medium sized pipes and cables
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28
Floor trench with continuous cover
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29
•Access to subway will
normally from a plant room,
control room or basement.
•Additional access from the
surface at convenient junctions
and direction changes.
•Should adequately withstand
the imposed loads and
pressure.
•Watertight, adequate fire
resistance, ventilation and
drainage channel to convey
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False ceiling with
grid/lattice support system
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panels, suspended from each corner on
adjustable pedestals.
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