Inter & Intra sexual selection
Paper-lV Animal behaviour and chronobiology
Session 2022-23
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
BAPPA SRI NARAYAN VOCATIONAL P.G. COLLEGE
CHARBHAG, LUCKNOW
Submitted by
PRAGATI PATEL
[Link]. Sem -ll
INTRODUCTION
There are may be competition among mails and a characteristic sequence of
behaviour pattern in which sexes court each other.
courtship term refers to all behavioural interaction of the male and female
that come before and lead up to fertilization of eggs by sperm.
male and female waved albatrosses which live on Isla Espanola of the
Galapagos Island ,may court each other,with an extensive repetitory of
stereotype movement that is movement of neck and bill ,for several hours a
day , day in and day out for much of the year.
DARWIN invented a special theory known as Theory of sexual selection
Choosing a member of a right
species
Meeting between members of different species are
very rare in nature. It is adoptive for animal not to meet
with member of other species ,hybrid offspring are usually
inferior to those produced by mating of members of same
species ,often because they are sterile.
Natural selection will favour animal that produce
normal healthy Offpring by choosing to mate with member
of same species.
Sexual Selection
Darwin suggested that males made compete among themselves
to determine which male mate with the female and the female
might choose which male of a species they would mate with.
A male is potential capable of fertilizing thousands of females
natural selection will favour any adaptation in a male that enable
him to c copulate with more females this is theoretical basis of male
competition.
If males differs in their quality it could pay female to be chosy
about which male they will mate with. If one male were defending a
better territory then another male , the female might be selected to
mate with better male. This is theoretical basis of female choice.
The struggle of males for female
Most obvious form of competition is straight forword fighting. It will
favour strength, and fighting in its simplest form will favour increased
size. In many species of Toads for instance, the male cling to the
backs of females for a few days before the female lays her eggs .other
male try to disloge the sitting makes from the females, by pulling
them off. In experiment smaller males from females than vice versa .
The Narwhal’s tusk it is found only in males , who use their tusk to
fight each other. Other strange weaponary can be seen in the males
of some kind of beetles,and the antelers of deer have evolved for the
same reason.
Courtship and female choice
The classic example of courtship sequence was worked out by
Tinbergen ,in three spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
The male stickleback defends a territory and if a female wanders into
it he usually attacks her.
The male has a different appearance from the female , the male’s
belly is red , where as that of the female is a glossy silver distended (if
she is ready to lay) with eggs.
If a red bellied stickleback stays in the mail territory he continues to
attack it but if a silvery bulging bellied stickleback stays he soon
recognise it as a female, and changes from attack to courtship.
The first stage of stickleback courtship is the male
Zigzag display . The male rapidly back and forth many
times. The female , if receptive responsed to this by
a head up display.
This stimulation the make to lead her to his nest and
show her the entrance by pointing his snout into it.
The female may then enter the nest and lay her eggs.
Email choice is probably the reason why
exaggerate sexual traits are present in the males of
many species.
Bibliography
An Introduction to Behavioral Mechanisms,Development, and Ecology-
MARK RIDLEY
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