5G TECHNOLOGY IN
DATA
COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION
-5G is the fifth generation of cellular technology, which not only improves
download and upload speeds over cellular networks (1 Gbps speed) but also
reduces latency
-The time it takes for the network to respond
-It also improves energy efficiency and provides a more stable network connection
-5G is also designed to deliver signals more reliably than previous cellular networks
-5G will provide a wider range of frequency spectrum (frequency range) to prevent
network congestion
-In addition, the connection to the perfect circle is also guaranteed. Everything is
connected to everything
-5G will facilitate the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, and integrate artificial
intelligence (AI) into our daily lives
-To reap the benefits of 5G, users will have to buy new phones and carriers will
have to install new transmission equipment to provide faster service
-5G mainly works in three bands: low, medium, and high-frequency spectrum
-All of these have uses and limitations
THREE BANDS OF 5G
TECHNOLOGY
The low-band spectrum is promising in terms of coverage but is limited to
100Mbps maximum speeds
-This means that while carriers can use and install very fast internet for
commercial mobile phone users with no special needs, the low-band spectrum
may not be optimal for the specific needs of the industry
The mid-band spectrum, on the other hand, offers higher speeds than the low-
band but is limited in terms of coverage area and signal penetration
-The 5G leading carriers and enterprises are customizing this band to meet the
needs of specific industries
-It shows that it can be used by industry and professional factory units to build
their networks that can be used
The high-band spectrum offers the highest speed of all three bands, but has
very limited coverage and signal penetration strength
-Internet speeds on 5G’s high-band spectrum have been tested at up to 20 Gbit/s
(Gigabits per second), while 4G’s maximum Internet data speed is mostly
recorded at 1 Gbit/s
MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF 5G TECHNOLOGY
Fast
-Imagine being able to download a full HD movie in less than 3 seconds
-This is the download speed on 5G
-5G will deliver speeds of up to 20 Gbps, increasing traffic capacity and network efficiency
by a factor of 100
Low latency
-In addition, mm Wave can also achieve latency as low as 1 ms
-This establishes a connection instantly and reduces network traffic afterwards
State-of-the-art technology foundation
-5G’s full potential is envisioned to provide speeds that enable real-time reproduction of
augmented reality
-This will further lead to the development of more hardware to work with augmented reality
-This technology is also the basis for virtual reality, autonomous driving, and the Internet of
things
Ripple Effect
-The benefits of 5g will not only improve the smartphone experience but also open up
opportunities for progress in other areas such as healthcare, infrastructure, and even
manufacturing
IMPORTANT PILLARS OF 5G
TECHNOLOGY
Millimeter-Wave -mm wave 5G will ingest massive amounts of data, enabling data transfer
speeds exceeding 1 Gbps
-This form of technology is currently used in the United States by carriers such as Verizon and
AT&T
Small cell -Since mm Wave cannot overcome obstacles, many mini-cell towers are placed in the
area to relay the signal from the main cell towers
-These small cells have to be placed closer compared to traditional masts to allow the user to
receive his 5G signal without interruption
Massive MIMO (multiple input multiple outputs) -This technology is used in large cell towers
to handle large amounts of traffic
-A typical cell tower delivering 4G has 12 antennas handling all cell traffic in the area. MIMO can
support 100 antennas simultaneously, increasing the tower’s total capacity to handle more traffic
-This technology will help make the transmission of 5G signals smoother
Beamforming -Beamforming is a technology that can periodically monitor multiple frequency
sources and switch to a stronger, faster tower when the signal is blocked
-This ensures that certain data is only sent in certain directions. Something like a data traffic light
Full duplex -Full-duplex is a technology that allows nodes to transmit and receive data
simultaneously on the same frequency band
-Landlines and shortwave radios use this type of technology. It’s like a one-way street, allowing the
HOW DOES 5G WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
Radio Access Network
WORKS??
Core Network
-The Radio Access Network mainly includes
5G Small Cells and Macro Cells that form -The Core Network manages all
the crux of 5G Wireless Technology as well the data and internet connections
as the systems that connect the mobile for the 5G Wireless Technology
devices to the Core Network
-The 5G Small Cells are located in big -And a big advantage of the 5G
clusters because the millimeter wave Core Network is that it can
spectrum (that 5G uses for insanely high
speeds!) can only travel over short
integrate with the internet much
distances more efficiently and it also
-These Small Cells complement the Macro
provides additional services like
Cells that are used to provide more wide- cloud-based services, distributed
area coverage servers that improve response
-Macro Cells use MIMO (Multiple Inputs, times, etc
Multiple Outputs) antennas which have
multiple connections to send and receive -Another advanced feature of the
large amounts of data simultaneously Core Network is network slicing
-This means that more users can connect to (Which we talked about earlier!!!)
the network simultaneously
PHYSICAL REPRESENTATION OF HOW 5G
TECHNOLOGY WORKS?
BENEFITS OF 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
-5G will make our smartphones much smarter with faster and more
uniform data rates, lower latency and cost-per-bit and this, in turn,
will lead to the common acceptance of new immersive technologies
like Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality
-5G will have the convenience of ultra-reliable, low latency links
that will empower industries to invest in more projects which
require remote control of critical infrastructure in various fields like
medicine, aviation, etc
-5G will lead to an Internet of Things revolution as it has the ability
to scale up or down in features like data rates, power, and mobility
which is perfect for an application like connecting multiple
embedded sensors in almost all devices!
PARAMETERS OF 5G
WIRELESS TECHNIQUES
-Details about the performance of 5G Wireless Technology
according to various parameters are given here:
Peak data rate At least 20Gbps downlink and 10Gbps uplink
per mobile base station.
Real-world data rate Download speed of 100Mbps and upload
speed of 50Mbps.
Spectral efficiency 30bits/Hz downlink and 15 bits/Hz uplink.
This assumes 8×4 MIMO
Latency Maximum latency of just 4ms (compared to 20ms for
LTE)
Connection density At least 1 million connected devices per
square kilometre (to enable IoT support)
