Blockchain

A Revolution in Trust
Our Team
Agenda Industry 4.0
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Blockchain Introduction
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Blockchain Architecture
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Blockchain Types & Features

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Agenda Blockchain Applications
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Future of Blockchain
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Further Learning
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Introduction
 Digital Transformation (DX):
Digital Transformation refers to the profound integration of
digital technologies into all areas of a business or organization,
Digital
Transformation fundamentally changing how it operates and delivers value to
customers.

Industry 4.0:
Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0, often called the Fourth Industrial Revolution,
refers to the ongoing transformation in manufacturing and
industrial practices due to the integration of digital
technologies.

• Digital Transformation is a broad organizational shift through

digital technologies across various sectors.
• Industry 4.0 represents the application of these digital
innovations specifically in the industrial and manufacturing
sectors.
 Industry 1.0 to 4.0

Industry 4.0,‖ a term coined at the Hannover Fair in 2011

 Pillars of Industry 4.0
Cybersecurity: Big Data & Advanced
Ensuring secure, reliable Analytics: Transform
communication in unprocessed data into
interconnected env actionable insights.

Augmented Reality Advanced Robotics:

(AR): Real-world overlay Flexible and autonomous
for training and systems interacting with
operational insights. humans and machines.

Cloud Computing: 4.0 Pillars Industrial Internet of

Enabling extensive data Things (IIoT): Seamless
sharing across the device connectivity for
production lifecycle. real-time responses.

Additive Artificial Intelligence

Manufacturing: Efficient (AI): Cognitive and
small-batch, customized autonomous decision-
production via 3D making.
 4.0 statistics

Market Growth

Automation $64B (2022) → $200B by Adoption

2030 (16.3% CAGR)
Industrial robots: $18B in 35% global manufacturers
2023; Asia-Pacific leads in 2022; >60% in
with 74% installations. advanced economies

Cloud & Big Data IoT Expansion

23% annual growth in $125B (2022) → $400B+
cloud adoption by 2030; 75B IoT devices
by 2025

Jobs Impact Smart Factories

97 million new jobs 70M+ globally by 2027,
worldwide by 2025, adding $2T+ annually
balancing job losses from
automation
 Global Lighthouse

Today, 153 lighthouses span almost 100 regions and a

diverse range of industries, including pharmaceuticals, steel
products, electronics, and cosmetics.

The Global Lighthouse Network (GLN), initiated by the

World Economic Forum in collaboration with McKinsey &
Company, recognizes manufacturing facilities leading in
Industry 4.0 adoption. These facilities utilize cutting-edge
technologies like IoT, AI, automation, and big data to
achieve exceptional productivity, sustainability, and
innovation, serving as models for the manufacturing
sector.

Indian Companies in the Global Lighthouse Network

1.Tata Steel (Jamshedpur Plant) – Recognized for digital twin technology

2.Bharat Forge – Awarded for advancements in precision manufacturing.
3.ITC Paperboards and Specialty Papers – Pioneered energy-efficient Steel-Making Companies in Global Lighthouse Network
and sustainable processes. 1.Tata Steel India
2.POSCO
3.ArcelorMittal (Europe)
BLOCKCHAIN
A Revolution in Trust

Blockchain is a revolutionary technology that serves as a

decentralized and distributed digital ledger. It records data in a secure,
transparent, and immutable manner, allowing participants to trust the
integrity of information without relying on intermediaries. Each
"block" in the blockchain contains a set of data or transactions, and
these blocks are "chained" together in chronological order, forming a
continuous record. The system ensures that once data is added, it
cannot be altered or deleted, making it highly secure and tamper-
resistant.
 History

Early First Real-

The Advent of Blockchain 2.0
Foundations World
Bitcoin and Ethereum
Transaction

(1991) (2010)
(2008) (2013)
Why Blockchain Came into Existence

1. Lack of Trust: Many digital and financial transactions require

intermediaries to validate and enforce trust, leading to higher costs
and delays. For example, cross-border money transfers through
traditional banking systems often involve several intermediaries,
leading to high fees and delays. Blockchain’s peer-to-peer nature
eliminates these intermediaries, reducing costs and transaction time.
2. Data Manipulation: Centralized systems are vulnerable to data
breaches, fraud, and manipulation. For instance, the 2017 Equifax
data breach exposed sensitive information of over 140 million
consumers. By distributing data across multiple nodes, blockchain
significantly reduces the risk of such single points of failure.
Why Blockchain Came into Existence

3. Double Spending Problem: Digital currencies needed a solution to

prevent the same token from being spent twice without relying on a
central authority. For example, prior to Bitcoin, digital cash systems
were prone to duplication. Blockchain’s consensus mechanisms
ensure that every transaction is unique and validated across the
network.
4. Inefficiencies in Systems: Complex processes, especially in finance
and supply chain management, were prone to errors, high costs, and
delays. For example, tracking goods in global supply chains often
involves numerous paper-based records and intermediaries.
Blockchain-enabled systems like IBM Food Trust now provide real-
time tracking and transparency for supply chains, reducing
inefficiencies.
5. Growing Demand for Transparency: In a world where data
integrity and authenticity are paramount, blockchain ensures
openness and accountability. For example, in charitable donations,
donors often lack visibility into how funds are utilized. Blockchain-
based platforms like Binance Charity provide detailed tracking of
donations, fostering trust among donors.
 Centralized Vs Decentralized Systems
Centralized Systems Distributed Systems
In a centralized system, a single entity (such as a In a distributed system, control and data are shared
server, organization, or administrator) manages and among multiple nodes or participants. Blockchain is a
prime example of a distributed system where all
controls data and processes. Examples of centralized
participants have access to the same version of data,
systems include traditional banks, social media eliminating the need for a central authority.
platforms, and government databases.
 Components of Blockchain
A blockchain is a distributed, immutable ledger that records transactions and tracks assets in a peer-to-peer network. To understand
how blockchain works, let's break down its key components and explore the process

A block is a container that stores a set Transactions represent the transfer of

of validated transactions. assets or data within the blockchain

A hash is a unique cryptographic A Merkle tree is a data structure used to

fingerprint generated for each block. efficiently verify the integrity of
transactions

A nonce is a random number added to a A consensus mechanism is a set of

block during the mining process. rules that ensures all nodes in the
network agree
Miners are responsible for validating
Nodes are computers connected to the
transactions, creating new blocks, and
blockchain network that store a copy
adding
 How Blockchain Works

1. Transaction Initiation: Alice initiates the transaction using

her digital wallet, providing Bob's address and the amount of
Bitcoins to be sent.
2. Transaction Broadcast: The transaction is broadcast to the
blockchain network, where nodes receive and validate it.
3. Transaction Verification: Miners verify the transaction's
validity by checking Alice's account balance, digital
signature, and other relevant information.
4. Block Creation: Validated transactions are grouped together
into a block. The miner who successfully solves the
mathematical problem adds the block to the blockchain.
5. Block Addition: The new block is linked to the previous
block using its hash, forming a chain. The updated
blockchain is propagated across the network.
6. Transaction Completion: Once the block is added to the
blockchain, the transaction is considered complete, and Bob
receives the 5 Bitcoins.
 Types of Blockchains
Public Bitcoin, Ethereum
Private Hyperledger Fabric, Corda
Consortium R3, Energy Web Foundation
Sidechains Liquid Network, Rootstock
Rollups Optimistic Rollups
Choosing the Right Blockchain Type

The choice of blockchain type depends on the

specific use case and requirements. Factors to
consider include:
 Decentralization:
 Scalability:
 Privacy:
 Security:
 Cost:
By understanding the different types of
blockchains and their trade-offs, organizations
can make informed decisions about the best
technology for their needs.
 Cryptography Smart Contract
Blockchain uses Smart contracts are
advanced Features of Blockchain self-executing
cryptography to secure contracts with the
transactions and terms of the agreement
protect data directly written into
code

Immutability Transparency
Once a transaction is All transactions on a
recorded on the public blockchain are
blockchain, it cannot visible to anyone who
be altered, deleted, or has access to the
reversed network

P2P Network Distributed Ledger

Blockchain operates The blockchain is a
on a peer-to-peer shared database that
network, where is distributed across
participants interact multiple nodes in the
directly with each other network
without the need for
intermediaries
Applications of Blockchain
Finance

Supply Chain Management

Healthcare

Voting Systems

Real Estate

Identity Management

Internet of Things (IoT)

 Application: Finance
Finance Cryptocurrencies: Decentralized digital
currencies (e.g., Bitcoin) enabling secure,
fast transactions.

Cross-border Payments: Eliminates

intermediaries, reducing costs and
speeding up transactions.

Tokenization of Assets: Converts real-

world assets (e.g., real estate) into tokens,
increasing accessibility.

Supply Chain Finance: Boosts

transparency and reduces fraud in invoice
and purchase order tracking.
Supply Chain Management: Enhancing
Transparency and Efficiency

1 Supply Chain Transparency 2 Inventory Management

Blockchain enables real-
Blockchain provides an time tracking of inventory
immutable record of product levels and movements,
origin, journey, and handling, improving efficiency and
ensuring transparency and reducing waste.
accountability across the
supply chain.

3 Counterfeit Prevention
Blockchain can help combat counterfeiting by creating a secure
and transparent record of product authenticity.
Healthcare: Revolutionizing Data Sharing
and Patient Care

Secure Data Sharing Clinical Trials

Blockchain allows for secure and Blockchain can enhance the
efficient sharing of patient data efficiency and transparency of
among healthcare providers, clinical trials by securely storing
improving care coordination and and managing patient data,
patient outcomes. ensuring data integrity and
reducing the risk of fraud.

Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Blockchain can track the movement
of pharmaceuticals throughout the
supply chain, ensuring their
authenticity and preventing
counterfeiting.
Voting Systems: Enhancing Security and
Transparency

1 Secure and Transparent Elections

Blockchain can create a tamper-proof record of votes,

enhancing the security and transparency of elections.

2 Increased Voter Participation

Blockchain can make voting more accessible and

convenient, potentially increasing voter participation.
Real Estate: Streamlining Transactions
and Ownership

Property Ownership

Blockchain can be used to record property ownership in

a secure and transparent manner, reducing the risk of
fraud and streamlining property transactions.

Smart Contracts

Smart contracts can automate property transactions,

eliminating the need for intermediaries, reducing costs
and transaction times.
 Identity Management: Empowering Individuals and Businesses

Secure and Decentralized Identities

1

Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC)

2

3 Reduced Identity Theft

Identity Management
 Secure and Decentralized Identities: Blockchain can create secure and decentralized digital identities, giving individuals more control over
their personal data and reducing the risk of identity theft.
 Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC): Blockchain can help streamline AML/KYC processes by creating a
shared and immutable record of identity information, reducing compliance costs for businesses.
 Internet of Things (IoT): Enhancing Security and Privacy

1 Data Security and Privacy

2 Supply Chain Management

3 Improved Efficiency and Transparency

Internet of Things (IoT)

 Data Security and Privacy: Blockchain can enhance the security and privacy of data generated by IoT devices by providing a secure platform
for data storage and exchange.
 Supply Chain Management: Blockchain can track the movement of goods in IoT-enabled supply chains, ensuring their authenticity and
preventing counterfeiting. This is particularly important for industries like manufacturing and logistics.
 Cryptocurrency: A Digital Revolution

1 21M
Decentralized Scarce
No central authority controls Bitcoin. Only 21 million Bitcoins will ever exist.

What is Bitcoin?
Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency, created in 2009 by an unknown person or group using
the name Satoshi Nakamoto. It is a digital currency that can be used to purchase goods and
services online or held as an investment.

Key Features of Bitcoin:

 Decentralized: No central authority controls Bitcoin.
 Scarce: Only 21 million Bitcoins will ever exist.
 Secure: Bitcoin uses strong cryptography to protect transactions.
Pseudonymous: Bitcoin users are identified by addresses, not real-
world identities.
1. Transaction Initiation: A user
initiates a transaction using How Cryptocurrency Works?
their digital wallet.
2. Transaction Broadcast: The
transaction is broadcast to the
network.
3. Transaction Verification:
Nodes verify the transaction's
validity.
4. Block Creation: Verified
transactions are grouped into a
block.
5. Block Addition: The new
block is added to the
blockchain.
6. Transaction Completion: The
transaction is considered
complete and recorded on the
blockchain.
 Role of Bitcoin Miner

Transaction Verification

A Miners verify the validity of Bitcoin

transactions

Block Creation
Miners create new blocks by grouping
verified transactions.
B
Network Security

C Miners contribute to the security of

the Bitcoin network by making it
computationally expensive to attack

Bitcoin Mining
Bitcoin mining is the process of verifying transactions and adding new blocks to the Bitcoin blockchain. Miners use powerful
computers to solve complex mathematical problems, and the first miner to solve the problem receives a reward in Bitcoin.
 Smart Contracts: Automating Agreements
A smart contract is a self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement directly written into lines of code. It runs on a blockchain, most
commonly Ethereum, and automatically executes actions or enforces rules when certain conditions are met.

Trust Security
Parties don’t need to trust each other; they trust the code Blockchain’s encryption ensures the contract’s security.
and the blockchain.
 Smart Contracts

1. The Contract: Bob agrees to sell his car to

Alice for 5 ETH.
2. The smart contract contains the terms: Alice
will pay 5 ETH, and Bob will transfer
ownership of the car to Alice.
3. Trigger: Alice sends 5 ETH to the smart
contract.
4. Verification: The smart contract checks that
Alice has indeed sent 5 ETH.
5. Execution: The contract automatically
transfers the car's ownership to Alice and
releases the 5 ETH to Bob.
6. Completion: The contract ends, and the
transaction is recorded on the blockchain.
 What are dApps?
dApps, short for decentralized applications, are applications that run on a decentralized blockchain network. Unlike traditional
applications that rely on centralized servers, dApps are built on a distributed network of computers, making them resistant to
censorship and downtime.
 Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs)
Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
Platforms like Uniswap and Curve
How do dApps allow users to trade cryptocurrencies
Protocols

work? directly with each other without

intermediaries. .
DeFi protocols offer a range of
financial services, such as lending,
dApps leverage the features of borrowing, and trading, without the
blockchain technology, such as 01 need for traditional financial
immutability, transparency, and security, institutions.
to provide a new paradigm for
application development. Here's a 02
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)
simplified overview of how they work: NFTs represent unique digital Gaming Platforms
1. Frontend: The user interface of a
assets, such as art, collectibles,
03 Blockchain-based gaming
dApp, which allows users to
and in-game items, on the
blockchain. platforms offer decentralized
interact with the application.
gaming experiences, allowing
2. Smart Contracts: The core logic
04 players to own and trade in-
of a dApp, executed on the game assets
blockchain. Smart contracts are Supply Chain Management
05
self-executing contracts with the
terms of the agreement written dApps can track the origin and
directly into code. journey of products, ensuring
06
3. Blockchain Network: The
transparency and authenticity.
underlying blockchain platform that
hosts the dApp and executes smart
contracts.
Bosh IOT
Blockchain in Cars

Blockchain can prevent odometer fraud by using

smart odometers that record mileage on a secure,
tamper-proof blockchain. This ensures accurate
vehicle history, creating digital certificates for cars.
Bosch’s IoT lab has already tested this technology
with 100 cars in Germany and Switzerland.
 Content Royalties

Mediachain

Original Content Creation and Royalties tracking: Think about

collecting royalties for artists. A beautiful idea for the use case would be
streaming platforms could set up two smart contracts: one where users send
a monthly subscription to and one that keeps track of what song or video a
particular user is consuming and how many times the song has been played
or a video being watched. At the end of each month, the smart contract that
holds the subscription fee can automatically distribute the money to artists,
based o how many times their songs have been played. People can have
smart contracts for their content and have proof that they were the creators
and no other. Mediachain is one of the companies working in the music
industry using blockchain and smart contracts.
 Logistics and Supply-chain
Maersk Line
Another idea would be to track packages and shipments using blockchain. That is something that IBM and container shipping
giant Maersk Line are working on a decentralized ledger to help with making the global trade of goods more efficient. Many
hackathons on blockchain have this topic for college students to build the project. It is still in the development phase and
companies are trying to come up with such a system to track their package pinpoint.
Track legal records

Stampd.io

 Blockchain for Legal

Documents: Blockchain can
securely track legal records,
patents, and intellectual property,
acting as a digital notary. It verifies
signatures and timestamps
documents, ensuring authenticity.
Platforms like Stampd.io allow
documents to be added to Bitcoin
or Ethereum for proof of existence.
This creates verifiable records
similar to traditional notaries.
However, legal recognition of
blockchain-based notaries is still
evolving
 Digital Voting

Agora

Blockchain in Digital Voting

Blockchain can address challenges in voting
by enabling secure, transparent, and tamper-
proof vote storage, unlike paper ballots or
EVMs. Such a system would let everyone
verify votes while minimizing fraud.
Companies like Agora are developing open-
source blockchain voting solutions. However,
challenges include ensuring voter verification
without privacy breaches, securing personal
devices from malware, and defending against
denial-of-service attacks.
Case Studies and Applications in Steel Industry
Several companies in the steel industry are already leveraging blockchain to enhance their marketing strategies. For example:
1. ArcelorMittal, one of the world’s largest steel manufacturers, has explored blockchain for tracking the provenance of its
products, ensuring they meet sustainability and quality standards.
2. Nippon Steel, another major player, has experimented with blockchain-based supply chain management to enhance
transparency and efficiency in its marketing operations.

Blockchain in Steel
 Integration with Artificial Intelligence (AI)

AI-Powered Blockchain Analysis AI-Driven Smart Contracts

AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of blockchain data to identify AI can be integrated into smart contracts to make them more dynamic

patterns, predict trends, and detect anomalies. This can be used for and adaptable. For example, AI algorithms can be used to assess risk,

fraud detection, risk assessment, and market analysis. adjust terms, and automate decision-making processes.

Integration with the Internet of Things (IoT)

Secure and Transparent IoT Data Management Decentralized IoT Networks

Blockchain can provide a secure and transparent platform for Blockchain can be used to create decentralized IoT networks, where

managing data generated by IoT devices. This can enhance data devices can communicate and exchange data directly with each other

privacy and security while enabling new applications like supply without relying on centralized servers.

chain management and smart cities.

The Impact of Quantum Computing
Quantum-Resistant Cryptography Quantum-Enhanced Blockchain

Quantum computers pose a threat to existing cryptographic Quantum computing can potentially accelerate certain blockchain

algorithms used in blockchain. Research is ongoing to develop operations, such as transaction verification and consensus mechanisms.
Emerging Trends

Decentralized Autonomous Metaverse and Blockchain

Organizations (DAOs)
Blockchain can play a crucial
DAOs are autonomous role in the development of the
organizations governed by metaverse by providing a
rules encoded in smart secure and transparent
contracts. They have the platform for managing virtual
potential to revolutionize how assets and facilitating
organizations are structured decentralized governance.
and managed.

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)

CBDCs are digital currencies issued by central banks. They can

leverage blockchain technology to improve the efficiency and
security of financial systems.
Challenges and Considerations

1 Scalability 2 Regulation
Blockchain technology needs to scale to handle the Clear and comprehensive regulations are needed to
increasing demand for transactions and applications. ensure the responsible development and adoption of
blockchain technology.

3 Energy Consumption 4 Interoperability

The energy consumption of some blockchain networks, Blockchain networks need to be interoperable to
such as Bitcoin, raises environmental concerns. enable seamless data exchange and collaboration.
Statistics Blockchain Market Growth

$39.7B
Projected Size
30% The market is projected to
expand from $27 billion in
Market Growth 2024 to $39.7 billion by
The global blockchain market 2025.
grew by 30% in 2024.

$17.9B
Spending Forecast

Worldwide spending on blockchain

solutions is expected to reach
$17.9 billion by 2024.
Leading Blockchain Companies

Bitcoin Square IBM Ant Financial

Bitcoin remains the most Square’s Cashapp reported IBM leads in blockchain patents Ant Financial leads in Europe
valuable cryptocurrency, with a $1.63 billion in bitcoin revenue in the U.S., with 1450 active with 202 active patent families.
single coin valued at over in Q3 2019 and invested $50 patent families as of 2023.
$1,02,759.10 as of Jan 2024 million in bitcoin in October
2020.
Thank You