TECHNICAL
WRITING
PROCESS
PRESENTED BY GROUP 2
Learning Objectives:
01 02 03 04
Enumerate Discuss the
Discuss Explain
copyreadin
the the the g and
stages of prewriting writing proofreadin
writing techniques process g
techniques
TECHNICAL WRITING PROCESS
The technical writing process is a step-by-step approach used
to plan, write, revise, and finalize documents such as manuals,
reports, instructions, proposals, and business letters — focusing
on clarity, precision, and usefulness.
01 STAGES OF
WRITING
• Prewriting
• Drafting
• Revising
• Editing
• Publishing
PREWRITING DRAFTING
The first stage of the The second stage of the
writing process where the writing process where the
writer generates ideas, writer organizes and
identifies the purpose and expresses ideas in
audience, and plans the complete sentences and
content through paragraphs, creating the
techniques like first version of the written
brainstorming, outlining, work.
and researching.
REVISING EDITING
The third stage where The fourth stage where
the writer reviews the the writer focuses on
draft, reorganizes correcting grammar,
content, improves punctuation, spelling,
clarity, and refines the and other language
structure to enhance the issues to ensure
overall quality of the accuracy and
writing. readability.
PUBLISHING
The final stage where the
writer prepares the document
for submission or distribution,
making it ready for the
intended audience.
BRAINSTORMING
02
A technique used to generate a wide range of
Prewriting ideas quickly and freely without evaluating
them, helping to explore all possible angles of
Techniques
a topic. This can be done individually or in a
group.
FREEWRITING
A method of writing continuously without
concern for grammar, spelling, or structure,
allowing thoughts and ideas to flow freely and
spontaneously.
CLUSTERING (MIND MAPPING)
A visual strategy where a central idea is
written in the middle of the page, and related
ideas branch out from it, showing connections
and organizing thoughts.
RESEARCHING
02
The process of gathering information from
Prewriting credible sources to deepen understanding of a
topic and provide support for writing.
Techniques OUTLINING
A structured way of organizing main ideas and
supporting details into a logical order, serving
as a roadmap for the actual writing process.
DISCUSSION
Talking with others about the topic to gain new
insights and perspectives, which can improve
the writing process
03 The writing process is a
series of stages that help
The writers organize, draft,
Writing and refine their work. It
Process allows for clear
communication and
effective writing. The
process is iterative,
meaning writers often go
back and forth between
DRAFTING REVISING
The drafting stage Revising involves
focuses on getting your improving the content,
ideas down in sentences structure, and clarity
and paragraphs without by reorganizing ideas
worrying about and refining the
perfection. overall flow.
EDITING FINALIZING
Editing is about Finalizing is the process
checking grammar, of reviewing the
punctuation, and document for
sentence structure formatting,
to ensure consistency, and any
remaining errors before
correctness and
preparing it for
clarity in the writing.
submission.
03
Process Aproach: Phases
Pre-writing Writing
In this stage, the focus is on Students write a series of drafts
generating ideas. Students do focusing on content first, and then
not need to do much (or any) on form.
writing.
Pre-writing
Expanding
Extend the ideas
by making
notes.
Brainstormin Planning
g
Generate ideas Organise the
by discussing in ideas into a
groups. diagram.
Writing
Proofreading
Check the content,
grammar, and
vocabulary.
Drafting Redrafting
Write a first draft. Turn Rewrite the text
the ideas into making the
sentences and link necessary changes.
them. (Redraft if
04
Copyreading is the process of
Copyreadin reviewing and editing written
content for clarity, structure, style,
g vs. and flow, ensuring it communicates
effectively and reads smoothly.
Proofreadin
g Proofreading is the process of
checking a written document for
spelling, grammar, punctuation,
and typographical errors to ensure
it's error-free before finalizing.
COPYREADING TECHNIQUES
1. Consistency in Terminology
• Ensure the same terms and definitions are used consistently throughout the
document.
2. Adherence to Formatting Guidelines
• Follow style guides for fonts, headings, spacing, and alignment to maintain a
professional appearance.
3. Clarity and Tone Check
• Review content for readability and appropriate tone to ensure it aligns with the
intended message and audience.
4. Cross-checking Facts and Figures
• Verify all factual information and numerical data to ensure accuracy.
PROOFREADING TECHNIQUES
1. Read Aloud
• Hearing the text can help catch errors that are easily missed while reading
silently.
2. Use Digital Tools
• Tools like Grammarly or spellcheck can help catch basic errors and suggest
improvements.
3. Print and Read on Paper
• Reading from paper rather than a screen can help spot issues you may
overlook on a computer.
4. Review After a Break
• Taking a break before proofreading allows you to approach the text with fresh
eyes.
5. Check One Issue at a Time
• Focus on one type of error at a time—such as spelling, punctuation, or
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING.
Happy
Writing!
