Tribhuvan University
Nepal Law Campus
MEANING AND SCOPE
OF E-COMMERCE
Presented by : Yatish Ojha
Roll No.: 104, Sec: C, BALLB 5th semester
Content
s :
◘Introduction to E-commerce
◘Definitions
◘History and Development
◘E-commerce ecosystem
◘Taxonomy
◘Scope of E-commerce
◘E-commerce in Nepal
Introduction to E-commerce
Electronic commerce, commonly known as E-commerce,
is trading in products or services using computer
networks, such as the Internet.
The term ‘electronic commerce’ is generally understood
to mean the distribution, purchase, sale, marketing and
service of products or services using technology media
such as the Internet and computer networks.
It involves a range of activities such as payments and
electronic funds transfer, logistics and supply chain
management, online advertising, online marketing,
online transaction processing, automated inventory
management systems, data collection systems and
consumer grievance redressal mechanism.
Introduction to E-commerce
After the Internet and world wide web revolution, e-
commerce has become a new emerging and constantly
changing sector of information technology and business
management. It is a new trend of business, emerged
and become popular. It includes:
1) Electronic business of physical goods and intangibles
just like information.
2) All the steps included in trade just like online
marketing, ordering , payment and delivery.
3) The electronic provision of services such as after sales
support and online legal advice.
4) Support for collaboration with enterprises.
and many more.
Definitions of E-commerce
E- commerce may be simply defined as the production,
distribution, marketing, sale or delivery of goods and
services by electronic means. [WTO, 1998: 1]
Buying and selling of goods and services through internet or
other electronic mediums of computer network is known as
e-commerce. It includes electronic fund transfer, banking
services, insurance services, data transfer, trade of goods
and services, lease, hire purchase, exchange or providing
other professional services conducted as per the conditions
of business transaction. [E-commerce Bill – 2020, Nepal]
E-commerce is commerce done through Internet
technologies which means pre-sale and post-sale activities.
Varieties of businesses around the globe have introduced an
electronic commerce portal as their operations, looking
after the different merits that the online marketplace can
History and Development
The history of E-commerce begins with the invention of
the digital telephone at the end of last century.
Originally, electronic commerce meant the facilitation of
commercial transactions electronically, using
technology such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). These were both
introduced in the late 1970s.
Online shopping, an important component of electronic
commerce was invented by Michael Aldrich in the UK in
1979. The world’s first recorded business to business
was Thomson Holidays in 1981. The first recorded
Business to consumer was Gateshead SIS/Tesco in 1984.
History and Development
In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web
and transformed an academic telecommunication network
into a worldwide everyman everyday communication
system called internet.
By the end of 2000, many European and American
business companies offered their services through the
World Wide Web. Since then people began to associate a
word “E-commerce” with the ability of purchasing various
goods through the Internet using secure protocols and
electronic payment services.
Even popular social networking sites like are allowing
people to promote and sell products and services online
provides evidence of how e-commerce have boomed over
the past 5 years.
E-Commerce Ecosystem
Network Provider
Internet Service Provider
User
Website
Software Architecture
Payment Providers
Payment System Provider
Logistics Service
Content provider
Advertiser
Backend systems and data
analytics
Source:http://indiaitlaw.com/
ecomm.htm
Taxonomy
• Business-to-Business (B2B) • E-commerce transactions between two
organizations doing business with each other,
such as, manufacturers-to-distributors,
wholesalers-to-retailers, etc.
• Include purchase and procurement, supplier
management, inventory management, channel
management, sales activities, payment
management, and service and support.
• Business-to-Consumer (B2C) • Transactions between businesses and
consumers, i.e., businesses selling to the general
public.
• Examples of B2C e-commerce include
transactions on Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra, Daraz,
etc.
• Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) • Involves transactions between and among
consumers.
• Example, advertisements posted on websites,
such as, sulekha.com, hamrobazar.com etc., for
the sale and purchase of used items.
• Consumer-to-Business (C2B) • Refers to a situation wherein consumers, either
individually or as a group, present themselves as a
buyer group to companies.
• Example, a resident welfare association (RWA)
posting its security requirements with a set
budget online and security guard companies
bidding for the project.
Scope of E-commerce
Sale, Purchase of Goods
Real Estate Market
Online Banking
Delivery of Goods
Import and Export
E-Tailing
Electronic assets exchange
Production network administration
E-advertising
Web based promoting
and many more.
E-commerce in Nepal
The Nepalese Internet got off to a later start than
most developing nations, with initial UUCP
connectivity in 1994, the licensing of ISPs in 1997,
and VSAT licenses in 1999.
E-commerce sites and mobile applications such as
eSewa, IME Pay, connectIPS, Daraz, hamrobazar.com
etc. have become pretty popular lately.
It is still full of regulatory complexities with issues
related to data privacy, consumer protection,
delivery, cyber security, market access regulation,
and digital payment. The proposed E-commerce Bill is
not so progressive either.
Referenc
es :
• Sheetal Umbarkar and Dilip Pawar, “Study of Consumer Behavior in E-Tailing”, ASM’s International E-Journal on “Ongoing Research in
Management & IT”, 2018, E-ISSN:2320-0065, P 88 – 102.
• Pralok Gupta, E-Commerce in India: Economic and Legal Perspectives, SAGE Publishing India, 2020
https://books.google.com.np/books?id=CJzqDwAAQBAJ
• Amir Manzoor, E-commerce: An Introduction, 2010 https://books.google.com.np/books?id=MwEB8LuK0P0C
• Proposed E-commerce Bill of Nepal https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/np/archives/documents/page/33
• The Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/16954
• Laxhmi Narayan Das, “Growing Trends of E-commerce and its Role in Consumers’ Buying PatternInternational Journal of Marketing,
Financial Services & Management Research Vol.1 Issue 10, October 2012, ISSN 2277 3622
http://www.indianresearchjournals.com/pdf/IJMFSMR/2012/October/17.pdf
• Dipinder S Randhawa, “E-commerce in India: Opportunities and Challenges” South Asia Scan, Issue No. 1, January, 2019
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337473987
• Jennifer L. Gibbs and Kenneth L. Kraemer, “A Cross-Country Investigation of the Determinants of Scope of E-commerce Use: An Institutional
Approach”, Electronic Markets Vol. 14 No 2, P 124 – 137 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10196780410001675077
• Chiranhivi Pathak, “Digital E-commerce: A case study of Daraz online shopping store in Nepal”, LAB University of Applied Sciences.
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/353802/Pathak_Chiranjivi.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
• Metka Stare, “The Scope for E-Commerce in Central and Eastern European Countries’ Services Trade”, Service Industries Journal, 2003, vol.
23, no. 1, P 27 – 42 https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060412331300762
• Vijay Tokase, Vaibhav P. Mujmule, A History of e-Commerce, August 2021,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353718685_A_History_of_e-Commerce
THANK YOU!
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ENTERTAINED.
