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Overview of the Skeletal System

The document provides an overview of the skeletal system, detailing the classification of bones by shape, structure, and development, and enumerating the bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons. It describes the functions of bones, including support, protection, and blood cell formation, and outlines the composition and structure of various bones, such as the skull, vertebral column, and limbs. Additionally, it highlights the role of the periosteum in bone protection and muscle attachment.

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emmamuke20
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22 views14 pages

Overview of the Skeletal System

The document provides an overview of the skeletal system, detailing the classification of bones by shape, structure, and development, and enumerating the bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons. It describes the functions of bones, including support, protection, and blood cell formation, and outlines the composition and structure of various bones, such as the skull, vertebral column, and limbs. Additionally, it highlights the role of the periosteum in bone protection and muscle attachment.

Uploaded by

emmamuke20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SKELETAL

SYSTEM
SKELETAL
■
SYSTEM:BONE
Objectives:
1. Classify bones according to shape , structure and
development
2. Enumerate different bones of both axial and
appendicular skeleton
Skeletal
System
Include
s:[Link]
■
■ [Link](Articulations between
bones)
Functions of
bone

attachme
support protection nt to
muscles

storage of Blood
movement fat and cell
minerals formati
e.g.: Calcium on
and
phosphorus
Classification on bone
■ Bones are classified
based on three things:

1- Shape: Long, Short,

Irregular, flat

2- Structure: Compact,

Spongy

3- Development:
The
Skeleton
The skeleton is formed from 206
Bones

The
Skeleton

Axial Appendicul
Skeleto ar
n Skeleton

Pectoral Upper
Sku Sternu Vertebr and
Rib and
ll m al pelvic
s lower
column Girdles
s limbs
Bones of the axial skeleton

The Skull

Formed from two sets of bones:


■ 1. Cranium(bones enclosing
and covering the brain):
Frontal, Temporal, Occipital,
Parietal, Sphenoid

■ 2. Facial bones (bones that


form the skeleton of the face):
Maxilla, Nasal, Zygomatic,
Mandible
VERTEBRAL
COLUMN
It is a flexible curved structure
formed of 33 vertebrae (irregular
bones)
Running through its cavity is the
spinal cord
Formed of :

1) Cervical vertebrae 7
2) Thoracic vertebrae 12
3) Lumbar vertebrae 5
4) Sacral vertebrae fused to form
sacrum (triangular bone) 5
5) coccygeal vertebrae fused to form
coccyx (small bone) 4
Sternum (Flat
bone) :

Has 3 parts :
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] process

Ribs :
• Number: vertebrae 12 pairs
• All ribs articulate with vertebrae
• Only upper 7 pairs articulate with
sternum
• The first 7 are called true ribs
• The ribs 8,9 and 10 are called False
ribs
• The ribs 11 and 12 are called
Floating ribs
BONES OF APPENDICULAR
SKELETON

PECTORAL GIRDLE
 Connects upper limb
with axial skeleton
 Formed of: clavicle &
scapula (2 bones on
each side)
PELVIC GIRDLE
 Connects lower limb
with axial skeleton
 Formed of: hip bone
(one bone on each
side)
BONES OF APPENDICULAR
SKELETON

UPPER LIMB
 Bone of arm: humerus
 Bones of forearm: radius
(lateral) & ulna (medial)
 Bones of hand:
 8 carpal bones
 5 metacarpal bones
 14 phalanges: 2 for the
thumb & 3 for each of
medial 4 fingers
BONES OF
APPENDICULAR
SKELETON
Lower limp
 Bones of thigh  Femur .

 Bones of leg  Fibula (lateral) & Tibia


(medial).
 Patella.

 Bones of foot :

i.
ii. 5 metatarsal bones .
7 tarsal bones .
iii 14 phalanges : 2 for big toe & 3 for
. each four
lateral toes .
LONG
Diaphysis
BONESmetaphysi
(shaft)
s
- long & cylindrical (The region
- Compact between
bone diaphysis andplate
contains thin
- Covered on its epiphysis)
of cartilage called
external surface by
the epiphyseal
a fibrous connective
plate that is
tissue membrane
responsible for the
called the
lengthwise growth
periosteum.
of the long bones.
- Has a cavity called
the marrow cavity. In
adults, the marrow
cavity
is a storage area for
fat and contains yellow
marrow. In infants, it
contains red marrow
and is the site of blood
cells
Periosteu
m
■ Role of
Periosteum:

■ Protects the bone


■ Gives attachment to muscles
■ Carries blood vessels and nerves to bone

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