LESSON 1.
10
QUADRATIC
FUNCTIONS
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
Represent a quadratic function
Graph a quadratic function
Transform the quadratic function defined by into the form
Analyse the effects of changing the values of a, h and k of a
quadratic functions
Determine the equation of the quadratic function and
Solve problems involving quadratic function
Quadratic Functions
A quadratic equation is an equation in
the form of:
where a, b and c are real numbers
A quadratic function is a second-
degree polynomial:
where a, b and c are real numbers
Quadratic Functions
A zeros of a quadratic are the solutions of the quadratic
equation (previously discussed: Extracting the roots, factoring,
completing the square and by quadratic formula.)
Example: Solve
2
𝑥 − 4=0 We can solve the equation using the extracting the
roots method
2
𝑥 =4 𝑥=± √ 4 𝑥=± 2
The solutions are -2
and 2.
Quadratic Functions
2 x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Graph: 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =𝑥 − 4 y 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5
The solutions or the roots of the equation
are the x-coordinates of the points of
intersection of the graph of and the x-axis.
Thus the roots are x = -2 and x = 2.
Quadratic Functions
A parabola has a
line of symmetry The graph
that part of the of a
parabola on one quadratic
side of the line is function is
a reflection of the a parabola
portion of the 2
other side ( )
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥
The point where
the line of
Vertex symmetry
(minimum crosses the
point) parabola is
v: (0,0) called the
vertex
Quadratic Functions
Vertex
(maximum point)
v: (0, 0)
axis of symmetry
2
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =− 𝑥
Quadratic Functions
The graphs of the quadratic equations in our group activities are families
of parabolas.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒚 =𝒙 𝒚 =− 𝒙 𝒚 =𝒙 +𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
𝒚 =( 𝒙 +𝟏) 𝒚 =(𝒙 +𝟏) +𝟏
are quadratic equations of the
general form
Group Activity
Prepare a table to find the coordinates of five ordered pairs.
Consider both positive and negative values for x.
Graph each group of equations on the same xy-plane (use
ordered pairs). Label each graph with its equation.
Opening of the
parabola
Vertex
Axis of symmetry
X-intercept
y-intercept
range
Quadratic Functions
Axis of
Vertex form Vertex Symmet
Equation X-intercept Y-intercept Range
ry
Quadratic
𝒚 =𝟒 𝒙
𝟐 Functions
The graph opens
upward when
𝟐
𝒚 =𝟐 𝒙
As the value of |a|
𝟐 increases, the graph
𝒚 =𝒙 becomes narrower
𝟏 𝟐
𝒚= 𝒙
𝟐
Vertex is:
The axis of
symmetry
Quadratic Functions
Axis of
Vertex form Vertex Symmet
Equation X-intercept Y-intercept Range
ry
Quadratic
Functions
𝟐
𝒚 =−𝟒 𝒙 The graph opens
downward when
𝟐
𝒚 =−𝟐 𝒙
As the value of |- a|
𝟐 increases, the
𝒚 =− 𝒙
graph becomes
𝟏 𝟐 narrower
𝒚 =− 𝒙 Vertex is:
𝟐
The axis of
symmetry
Quadratic Functions GROUP 3
Verte Axis of X- Y-
Vertex form Domai
Equation x symmetr Range interce interce
n
y pt pt
Quadratic
Functions
The vertex is
𝟐
𝒚 =𝒙 +𝟐
The axis of symmetry
is
From the 𝟐
𝒚 =𝒙 +𝟏 The graph is
graph of , the translated
𝟐
graph of is 𝒚 =𝒙
translated 1 when and translated
unit upward 𝟐
𝒚 =𝒙 −𝟏 when
𝟐
𝒚 =𝒙 −𝟐
Quadratic Functions GROUP 4
Verte Axis of X- Y-
Vertex form Domai
Equation x symmetr Range interce interce
n
y pt pt
From the graph Quadratic
of , the graph Functions
of is The vertex is
translated 1
unit to the
The axis of symmetry
right
𝟐 is
𝒚 =( 𝒙 −𝟏)
𝒚 =( 𝒙 − 𝟐)
𝟐 The graph is
translated
𝟐
𝒚 =𝒙 when and translated
when
𝟐
𝒚 =( 𝒙 +𝟏)
𝟐
𝒚 =( 𝒙 +𝟐)
Quadratic Functions GROUP 5
Vert Axis of X- Y-
Vertex form Domai
Equation ex symmetr Range interce interce
n
y pt pt
Quadratic Functions GROUP 5
X-
Equation interce
pt
Quadratic
Functions
The vertex is
𝟐
𝒚 =( 𝒙 +𝟐) +𝟒 The axis of symmetry
is
𝟐
𝒚 =( 𝒙 +𝟏) +𝟏
The graph is translated
𝟐
𝒚 =𝒙
𝟐
𝒚 =(𝒙 −𝟏) −𝟏
𝟐
𝒚 =( 𝒙 −𝟐) − 𝟒
From the graph of ,
the graph of is
translated 1 unit to
the right and 1 unit
downward
Parent
function
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝒙
𝟐
Determine the quadratic function given the translated
conditions.
𝟐
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =𝟒 𝒙
Translated 3 units upward.
Translated 3 units
downward.
Translated 3 units to the
right.
Translated 3 units to the
left.
Translated 3 units to the Translated 3 units to the
left and 3 units upward right and 3 units downward
Determine the quadratic function given the translated
conditions. 𝟐
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =( 𝒙 −𝟏) + 𝟏
Translated 2 units upward.
Translated 2 units
downward.
Translated 2 units to the
right.
Translated 2 units to the
left.
Translated 2 units to the Translated 3 units to the
left and 2 units upward right and 3 units downward
Determine the quadratic function given the translated
conditions. 𝟐
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =−𝟒 𝒙
Translated 3 units upward.
Translated 3 units
downward.
Translated 3 units to the
right.
Translated 3 units to the
left.
Translated 3 units to the Translated 3 units to the
left and 3 units upward right and 3 units downward
Find the quadratic function given the vertex (h, k) and the value of a. Express your answer in
the standard form:
𝒂=𝟒 ; 𝒗 =(−𝟏 , −𝟕)
Find the quadratic function given the vertex (h, k) and the value of a. Express your answer in
the standard form:
𝒂=−𝟏 ; 𝒗 =(𝟐 ,𝟐)
Find the quadratic function given the vertex (h, k) and the value of a. Express your answer in
the standard form:
𝒂=−𝟐 ; 𝒗 =(−𝟏 , 𝟕)
Determine which of the following tables of values represent
quadratic functions by identifying the common difference.
Determine which of the following tables of values represent
quadratic functions by identifying the common difference.
Determine which of the following tables of values represent
quadratic functions by identifying the common difference.
Determine which of the following tables of values represent
quadratic functions by identifying the common difference.
