Green house

cultivation of
rose
 Introduction
• Common name: Queen of Flowers
• Family: Rosaceae
• Origin: Northern hemisphere, Asia, Europe, and Himalayas
• Genus: Rosa
• Species: Rosa hybrida (Modern cultivated roses)
• Complex hybrid of various species viz. Rosa gallica, R.
damascena, [Link], R . foetida, R moschata, R multiflora,
R. wichuriana
• Basic chromosome number: n=7 and 2n=14
• National flower of England
• Symbol of beauty, fragrance and love
• Major area: Maharashtra, Karnataka, WB, TN
 Morphology
• Ornamental shrub/bush with stems usually prickly

• Flowers are solitary (single) or in corymbs (cluster)

• Petals & sepals are five except in Rosa sericea (4 petals &
sepals)
• Fruits called hips contain many seeds

• Seeds called achenes

• Seeds are hard and have dormancy

 Importance and Uses
1. Cut flower: in bouquets, exhibition purpose, in vase
2. Loose flowers: garland, essential oils, button holes, religious
3. Pot plants: Miniature and dwarf Polyanthas
4. Garden display: used as shrub or bush, standards, climbers,
hedges and edges and for excellent mass effect
5. Standard roses (Hybrid Tea roses/ tree roses. ):
Roses with vigorous growth and spreading habit are budded on
straight vertical stem/ root stock at different height from the
ground level
• Full standards: budding done at 100-115 cm above the ground
• Half standards: budding done at 45-60 cm height
• Weeping standards: budding at >150 cm with climbers
5. Rose products
• Rose water: from rose petals, used as perfume, in medicine,
confectionary, eye lotions, eye drops, cosmetics
• Rose oil (Rose perfume): from rose petals, sweet fragrance,
medicinal properties (Ayurveda), perfuming soaps & cosmetics,
flavoring soft drinks and antibacterial properties. Rosa
damascena, R. bourboniana, R. centifolia, R. alba & R. Gallica
suitable
• Gulkand: mixing equal proportion of petals and sugar, considered
as tonic and laxative. R. damascena, R. chinensis, R. gallica used
• Pankhuri: dried petals used for preparing sweetened cold drinks
• Gulroghan: rose hair oil prepared by mixing petals with wet
sesamum seeds
6. Source of vitamin C
100 g rose hip = 150 mg of ascorbic acid
R. rugosa, R. davurica, R. pendulina, R. glauca and R. canina
 Uses

Loose flower Cut flower

Oil and Rose Water

 Classification of Roses

Hybrid Tea roses (HT) Floribunda roses (FB)

Hybrid Perpetual X Tea Roses Hybrid Tea X Dwarf Polyanthas
‘La France’ by Guillot in1867 ‘Rodhatte’ by Poulsen 1912
Bearing large, single, terminal Flower forms of HT and perpetual
flowers flowering habit of Polyanthas
Flowering in clusters with small
size
 Miniature Roses (Baby or Fairy
Polyanthas roses)
R. multiflora x R. wichuriana Hardy and good for pot culture
Dwarf with small flowered, blooms Multiplied by cuttings as well as
for several months budding
Grandifloras Tea scented China rose
Hybrid Tea x Floribunda Aroma of tea -leaves are
Large sized blooms on short stems opened
Originated from R. chinensis
and R. gigantean
Climbers and Ramblers
Derived from R. multiflora and R. wichuriana
Bears large clusters of small flowers
 CLASS VARIETIES
HT First Prize, Super Star, Raktgandha, Jawahar, American
Heritage, Kiss of Fire, Pusa Ajay, Pusa Sonora, Eiffel
Tower, Golden Giant Anurag, Arju, Bhim, Chitwan, Dr.
B.P. Pal, Homi-Bhabha, Mridula, Mrinalini, Poormina,
Rajasurendra Singh of Nalagradh
Floribunda Banjaran, Chandrama, Delhi Princes Loree, Mohini,
Neelambari, Prema, Rupali, Sadabahar, Shabnam,
Sindoor, Suchitra and Suryairan, Jantar Mantar, Iceberg,
Banjaran, Mercedes, Summer Snow, Queen Elizabeth,
Sea Pearl, Sadbahar, Neelambri
Polyantha Red Triumph, Border King, Starri Night
Miniature Wild Plum, Hokey Pokey Red Flush Cal Poly,
Cindrella, Baby Masquerade
Climbing Climbing Sadabahar, Climbing Paradise, American
Pillar, Crimson Rambler
 Types of Greenhouse Required
• Mild climatic conditions (Bangalore, Pune)- naturally
ventilated polyhouses
• Warm & high temperatures (Hyderabad, Delhi)- forced
ventilation system (cool- pad system)

Green house varieties

First Red, Lambada, Ambassdor, Noblesse, Sasha, Papillon, Grand
Gala, Skyline, Polo, Confetti, Ravel, Lovely Red, Osiana, Golden
Gate, Tineke, Avalanch, Mercedes
 Climate conditions
•Open and sunny situation
• Optimum temperature 15-27 oC
• GH temperature 20-21 oC (cloudy days)
24-28 oC (sunny days)
• Night temperature 16-17 oC
• Light intensity: 60-70 klux
• Relative humidity: 75 %
• Carbon dioxide: 1000-3000 ppm
 Growing Media
• Deep well drained soils with good WHC and soil-less substrates
(rockwool, peat, sphagnum moss, vermiculites, perlite, leaf mould,
coco peat, rice husk
• pH 5.5-6.8
• Sterilization-
Steam: 70-100 oC for 30 minutes
Formalin @ 7.5-10.0 L /100 m2
 Planting
• FYM incorporated into the bed @ 100 t/ha
• 6-18 month old budded plants planted during Oct-Dec
Bed Size
90-100 cm wide
30-40m long
30-40cm height
0.5-0.75m between two beds
•Method: 2-row system/ bed
Spacing
• 30-40cm between rows
• 14-18cm or 15-20cm between plants
• Planting density: 7 plants/m2 (50-60 thousand bushes/ha)
 Propagation
[Link] propagation
•To produce new hybrids
•Seeds formed in fruits known as hips are sown
II. Vegetative propagation:
1. Stem cuttings:
• Easiest and least expensive
• Each shoot should be cut clean just below the node
• Cuttings must have 1-3 buds
• Rootstocks for budding are raised in Oct-Nov by cuttings
• These cutting takes a year that they are ready for budding
• Climbers, ramblers, polyanthus and miniature roses
2. Budding: (Shield or T-budding)
• Commercial and successful method
• One year old rooted cuttings of rootstock are selected
• Scion buds are inserted into a T-shaped incision
• Tied with suitable wrapping material
• Plants are ready for transplanting in about two years
•HT and FB
3. Cuttage-buddage
•Rootstock cuttings and scion are given slant cut and tied
•Planted in sand in December or January
•Rooting and bud union occurs simultaneously
•Long time of propagation is reduced
•Given by PAU
T- Budding
Cuttage Buddage
 Criteria for rootstock selection
[Link] stock should have pencil thickness
[Link], nematode and disease free
[Link] have minimum 2-3 dark green leaves
[Link] be 2-3 months old

Common Rootstocks
[Link] indica var. odorata- Powdery mildew resistant
2.R. bourboniana (Edouward rose)- for standards, popular in N-India
3.R. multiflora – Eastern parts, resistant to nematodes
4.R. canina (Dog rose)- popularly used in Europe
 Manuring
• 60g N, 20g P2O 5, K2O/sq. m
Half N and Full P and K at the time of pruning
Remaining half N one month after the first application
• Foliar application : 30g /10L of mixture Urea, DAP, Potassium
Nitrate, Potassium Phosphate ([Link])
• Fertigation @ 170ppm N, 34ppm P, 160ppm K, 120ppm Mg per
every watering
Irrigation
• First week watering with sprinklers @5-8 times/day
• 3-4 weeks after planting drip irrigation
• Each plant has to be watered @ one liter/plant/day
 Pruning
[Link] consists of two operations
Thinning: removal of old, weak, dry, twiggy and diseased
stems and branches from the point of origin
Shortening: of the remaining shoots to a desirable height
[Link]: first fortnight of October
[Link] diseased , dead, weak shoots are removed
[Link] 3-4 strong shoots facing outward from the centre are kept
[Link] is given slant 45 degree angle just above the bud
6. Plants will come to flower 60-65 days after pruning
[Link] pruning the plants are given ample nutrition
Pruning of HT roses
In first season- only pinching to encourage strong and healthy
growth from near the bud union
Where to cut and how to cut ?
 Special Cultural Practices
[Link]-suckering: removal of suckers from rootstock
[Link]: removal of part of terminal growing portion of stem to
promote auxiliary branching. In FB, polyanthas
[Link]: removal of undesirable buds. In HT roses to reduce
number of flowers
[Link]-shooting: young vegetative basal and lateral shoots
developing from leaves axils are removed to allow only one terminal
shoots
5. Bending
•Done to encourage healthy framework of plant at the bottom and to
active more number of side shoots
•After flower bud visible, weak and blind shoots are bend
•Flowers are removed
•Not to break the shoots
•Plant remain capable of transporting to new developing shoots
•This allows leaves to continue their production of energy
•Dominating primary shoots (apical dominance) is removed, causing
the plant to respond by developing more basal buds
•After bending, an increased cytokine level, causing buds to break
•Done on 35th days after planting
Shoot Bending
 Harvesting
• 4-5 months after planting
• Tight bud stage when 1-2 petals begin unfold
• Red and pink cultivars- just after first two petals unfold
• Yellow - slightly earlier than red/pink cultivars
• White - slightly later than red/pink cultivars
• Stem length vary from 40-90cm
• Graded flowers bunched in bundle of 20 stems
 Yield:
225-350 stems/ m2
Cut stems 80,000- 90,000 stems per acre
Loose flowers 3500-4000 kg per hectare
 Storage: 0-1 oC for 5-7 days
 Diseases and Pest
Die-back (Diplodia roseum)
Pruned cuts are more susceptible
Drying of branches from top to bottom
Management: Pruned cuts painted with fungicidal paint Blitox or
Bordeaux paste
 Black Spot (Diplocarpon rosae)
Black spots on upper leave
surfaces and stems
Small, black fruiting bodies
present in spots on upper sides of
leaves

Management:
1. Avoid overhead sprinkling of water
2. Remove fallen leaves
3. Spray Diathane (0.2%), Kavach
(0.2%) 10-15 day intervals
Powdery mildew (Podosphaera/ Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae)
Produces white-gray powdery growth on both sides of leaves,
shoots, sepals, buds
Leaves may distort and drop
Management: Spray Karathane or Sulphur dust @ 0.2%
Aphids
Suck out plant sap and excrete honeydew that collects on leaves and
stems
Plant become wilted
Spray Rogor 2ml/ l
Spider Mites
Major pest of green house roses
Suck the juices
Leaves turn yellow, then brown and eventually fall from plant
Use systemic acaricides like dicofol 2ml/ l
Coming together is
beginning ..
Keeping together is
progress..
Working together is success