Maps
Presented by: Mr Gallimore
Globes and Maps
To learn about the Earth, two tools that can be used are globes and maps.
A globe is a model of the planet Earth as if seeing it from outer space. A
globe is round and shows continents and oceans. There are seven
continents on Earth and four oceans.
A map is a model of the Earth shown on a flat surface. Maps are useful
because you can carry them with you.
Let’s look at a map more closely…
A map is a physical representation
of an area of land or sea showing
Map vs physical features, cities, roads, etc.
Photogra A photograph is the image of an
object or feature recorded on a
ph vs camera and or printed paper.
Plan A plan representation of an area
with reduced measurement.
Map vs Photograph vs Plan
Map Photograph Plan
1. We can study a part a 1. Is a real representation of 1. Is a detail drawing of a
whole part of the earth as an the Earth’s surface no legend small area
abstract representation. necessary
2. Contains a lot of 2. Only objects that are 2. Details are given in the
information visible in the picture are form of symbols
shown
3. Shows only the important 3. Shows figures as they are 3. Shows the length and
features of the area and occupies space. 3- breadth. 2 Dimensional
dimensional
1. Find each of the seven continents on the map:
North America, South America, Europe, Asia,
Africa, Australia, and Antarctica.
2. Find each of the oceans on the map: Atlantic
Ocean,
Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Arctic Ocean.
Every map has five important elements:
• Title
• Legend/Key
• Compass Rose/ Cardinal Points
• Scale
• Border
Elements of Each element has a purpose:
a Map • The title tells you the purpose of the map.
• The legend shows you what symbols on the map mean.
• The compass rose is a directional arrow that shows cardinal
and sometimes intermediate directions on a map.
• The scale is shown in both standard and metric
measurements and show distance between objects on the
map.
• The border identifies exactly where the mapped area stops.
Using the legend/Key
•Have you ever seen a star or a dot on a map?
• The legend or map key will tell you what those symbols mean.
• For example, the map key might tell you that a dot stands for a city.
• The key might also indicate that a black line represents a state border.
• It might show you how to identify a river with a blue line.
⦿ Different
cartographers (map-
makers) use different map
projections.
⦿ Another
reason for this difference is
that maps can be created to
represent different features of the
same places.
⦿ One map of Europe might show only its major
cities and
state capitals.
⦿ Another might depict the country's different
vegetation zones.
⦿ Another map might show Europe’s
physical characteristics.
⦿ What differences
do you see
between these
maps?
⦿ Do you see
any
⦿Look at the
map on the
right, why is
it so colorful?
⦿Maps that
show
countries,
states,
cities, and
capitals are
known as
⦿ Physicalmaps
show features of
the Earth such
as, mountains,
rivers, oceans,
and forests.
⦿ What other
physical
features are
located on the
map?
⦿ HistoricalMaps
⦿ Road Maps
⦿ Climate Maps
⦿ Natural
Resource
Maps
⦿ Land Use Maps
⦿ Population
Density Maps
⦿ Etc…
⦿ Themap scale is
used to show
the relationship
of distance
shown on the
map to real
distance on the
Earth.
⦿ Thelines running
east to west
around the
Earth are called
lines of
latitude. They
measure
degrees north
[Link]
and south of
m
the equator.
⦿ Thelines running
north to south around
the Earth are called
lines of longitude.
They measure
degrees east and
west of the
Prime Meridian.
[Link]
m
⦿ Together, lines of latitude and longitude
form a grid system called the
coordinate system.
⦿ When you state the coordinates of a place on
the Earth you are giving its absolute
location.
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