CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEMS
By Yusha Patel
(TYME-A)
* Basic Information about
Cruise Control Systems
Cruise control is a new technological development
which incorporates a factor of comfort in driving.
Safety is only a small benefit of this system.
In short, cruise control can be said to be a system
which uses the principles of radar to determine
the distances between two consecutive moving
vehicles in which either one or both of them is
incorporated with this system.
* INTRODUCTION
* WHAT IS CRUISE CONTROL ?
* BASIC OPERATION
* HOW TO SET CRUISE CONTROL?
* ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL
* PARTS AND WORKING
* DANGERS OF CRUISE CONTROL
* FUTURE ASPECTS
* CONCLUSION
*CONTENTS
*INTRODUCTION
* Every minute, on average, at least one person dies in a crash.
* Air bags and seat belts save tens of thousands of people a year.
* But the ultimate solution and the only thing that will save far more
lives, limbs and money is ? till 1958.
* Cruise control was commercially introduced in 1958 as an option on
the Chrysler Imperial.
*WHAT IS CRUISE
CONTROL?
Cruise control is a system, which automatically controls the
speed of an automobile.
The system takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a
steady speed as set by the driver.
Most cruise control systems don’t allow the use of cruise
control below a certain speed.
Blind inventor and mechanical engineer Ralph teetor
invented cruise control in 1945.
BASIC OPERATION
The basic operation of a cruise controller is to sense the speed of
the vehicle, compare this speed to a desired reference, and then
accelerate or decelerate the car as required.
A simple control algorithm for controlling the speed is to use a
"proportional plus integral" feedback.
The performance of the system is robust with respect to it’s
mass uncertainty.
Block diagram of cruise control model
* HOW TO SET CRUISE CONTROL ?
* On &off
* set/accelerate
* Resume
• Coast
• Brake & clutch
* ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL
* Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an automotive feature that allows
a vehicle's cruise control system to adapt the vehicle's speed to the
traffic environment.
* In
May 1998, Toyota became the first to introduce an ACC system
on a production vehicle, luxury sedan.
* ACC systems detect the vehicle ahead through the use of either
radar or lidar (light detecting and ranging).
* Lidar
based ACC systems are limited due to their poor working in
bad whether.
*PARTS AND WORKING
The main components of a typical radar-based ACC system are
* Fusion sensor
* Headway control unit
* Throttle
* Brake
* Dashboard display
Fusion sensor: It is a combination of sensors and processors. They are
* Millimeter-wave radar
* Stereo camera
* Image processor
* Fusion processor
Architecture of a radar-based ACC
system
* Millimeter wave radar: It is a sensor which uses millimeter wave for
detecting the position and velocity of a distant object.
* Range is calculated using the formula
C = 2*R/T
Where ‘C’ is the velocity of light
‘R’ is the range
‘T’ is the time of flight of transmission.
* Stereocamera: The camera’s function is detection of cars and
other objects in the roadway.
* Image processor: It processes the images from the stereo camera
and the data fed into the fusion processor.
* Fusion processor: The function of fusion processor is Data Fusion.
Headway control unit: It has control on the brakes and throttle and
uses dashboard for immediate warnings.
Canceling Cruise Control Operation:
* Brake pedal is pressed
* 'Off' button is pressed
* Vehicle Speed < 25 mph
* An ACC system fault is detected
A car model with advanced cruise control system
DANGERS OF CRUISE
CONTROL
It’s use on wet and slippery roads may cause serious
problems.
*FUTURE ASPECTS
* CACC(co-operative adaptive cruise control) tested in California.
* At 100 km/hr, that would amount to a distance between cars of less
than 14 meters (roughly two car lengths).
* Fujitsu Ten has demonstrated a prototype system for so called
stop-and-go adaptive cruise control.
* Fully
autonomous car is probably not viable in the
foreseen future.
* Near by vehicles would be in constant
communication with each other and act co-
operatively.
* It will probably take decades, but car accidents may
eventually become almost as rare as plane crashes
are now.
*CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
[Link]
[Link]/features/adaptivecruisecontrol
[Link]
[Link]
